How Can You Learn How to Trust Someone Again?

Learning how to trust someone again can be challenging, especially after experiencing betrayal or trauma; however, it’s possible with conscious effort and guidance from resources like LEARNS.EDU.VN. By understanding the root of your trust issues, practicing self-compassion, and taking small steps to rebuild trust, you can cultivate healthier relationships. This process involves vulnerability, communication, and a willingness to believe in the potential for positive connections, ultimately leading to deeper and more fulfilling bonds. Let’s explore strategies for regaining trust, rebuilding relationships, and fostering resilience, all crucial for personal growth and healthy interactions.

1. What Does It Mean to Trust Someone Again?

Learning to trust someone again involves a conscious decision to be vulnerable and believe in the potential for positive interactions after experiencing betrayal or hurt. It is not about forgetting the past but about choosing to move forward with an open heart and a willingness to rebuild the relationship. This process involves understanding the reasons for the breach of trust, setting realistic expectations, and communicating openly. According to research from the University of California, Berkeley, trust is a fundamental component of social relationships, enabling cooperation and reducing uncertainty. Key aspects of learning to trust again include:

  • Acknowledging Past Hurts: Recognizing and validating the pain caused by previous experiences.
  • Open Communication: Engaging in honest and transparent conversations to address concerns and misunderstandings.
  • Gradual Rebuilding: Taking small, manageable steps to test the waters and rebuild confidence.
  • Self-Reflection: Understanding one’s own vulnerabilities and triggers to manage expectations better.
  • Forgiveness: Letting go of resentment and bitterness to create space for new positive experiences.

2. Why Is It Hard to Trust Someone Again After Being Hurt?

It is hard to trust someone again after being hurt because trauma creates deep emotional scars and alters our perception of safety in relationships. The brain’s natural response to pain is to protect itself, leading to heightened vigilance and skepticism. According to a study by the American Psychological Association, traumatic experiences can lead to post-traumatic stress symptoms, including difficulty trusting others. The fear of repeated pain and vulnerability makes it challenging to open up and believe in the possibility of positive connections. Factors contributing to the difficulty in trusting again include:

  • Fear of Vulnerability: Opening up again risks potential future hurt.
  • Past Trauma: Previous painful experiences create a barrier to new trust.
  • Altered Perception of Safety: The world feels less secure after betrayal.
  • Heightened Vigilance: Increased awareness of potential threats leads to constant skepticism.
  • Emotional Scars: Deep emotional wounds make it hard to believe in positive interactions.

3. How Can You Start Trusting Someone Again After Betrayal?

To start trusting someone again after betrayal, start by acknowledging your feelings, communicating openly, setting small goals, and practicing self-care. Acknowledge that rebuilding trust takes time and patience, both with yourself and the other person. According to research from Stanford University, forgiveness is a critical component of rebuilding trust after betrayal. Key steps to consider include:

  • Acknowledge Your Feelings: Allow yourself to feel and process your emotions without judgment.
  • Communicate Openly: Express your concerns and expectations to the other person.
  • Set Small Goals: Start with small, manageable steps to test the waters and build confidence.
  • Practice Self-Care: Take care of your emotional and physical well-being to maintain resilience.
  • Seek Professional Help: Consider therapy or counseling to navigate the complexities of rebuilding trust.

4. What Are the Signs That Someone Is Not Trustworthy?

Signs that someone may not be trustworthy include inconsistency in their words and actions, a history of dishonesty, evasiveness, lack of empathy, and a tendency to blame others. Trustworthiness is based on reliability, honesty, and integrity. Research from Harvard University indicates that trust is built on consistent behavior and transparent communication. Red flags to watch out for include:

  • Inconsistency: Discrepancies between words and actions.
  • Dishonesty: A history of lying or deception.
  • Evasiveness: Avoiding direct answers or being secretive.
  • Lack of Empathy: Showing little concern for your feelings or needs.
  • Blaming Others: A tendency to shift responsibility for their actions.

5. How Does Self-Trust Impact Your Ability to Trust Others?

Self-trust significantly impacts your ability to trust others because it forms the foundation for secure relationships. When you trust yourself, you are more confident in your ability to make sound judgments, set boundaries, and handle potential disappointments. According to a study by the University of Texas at Austin, self-trust is linked to higher self-esteem and better relationship satisfaction. Without self-trust, you may project your insecurities onto others, leading to suspicion and difficulty in forming genuine connections. Elements to consider include:

  • Confidence in Judgment: Trusting your ability to make good decisions.
  • Setting Boundaries: Feeling empowered to establish and maintain healthy boundaries.
  • Resilience: Believing in your ability to cope with potential hurt or disappointment.
  • Emotional Security: Having a strong sense of self-worth and independence.
  • Authenticity: Being genuine and honest in your interactions with others.

6. How Can You Rebuild Trust in a Romantic Relationship After Infidelity?

Rebuilding trust in a romantic relationship after infidelity requires honesty, commitment, time, and professional guidance. Infidelity can be a deeply traumatic experience, and rebuilding trust involves addressing the underlying issues that contributed to the betrayal. Research from the Gottman Institute emphasizes the importance of open communication and empathy in healing from infidelity. Crucial steps include:

  • Honesty and Transparency: The offending partner must be fully transparent about their actions and willing to answer questions openly.
  • Commitment to Change: Both partners must commit to changing the dynamics that led to the infidelity.
  • Time and Patience: Rebuilding trust takes time and patience, with setbacks along the way.
  • Professional Help: Couples therapy can provide guidance and support in navigating the complexities of rebuilding trust.
  • Empathy and Understanding: Both partners must strive to understand each other’s perspectives and feelings.

7. What Role Does Forgiveness Play in Learning to Trust Again?

Forgiveness plays a vital role in learning to trust again by allowing you to release resentment, move forward, and open yourself up to new possibilities. Forgiveness does not mean condoning the actions that caused the hurt, but rather choosing to let go of the emotional burden of anger and bitterness. According to research from Johns Hopkins University, forgiveness is associated with improved mental and physical health. Forgiveness helps to:

  • Release Resentment: Letting go of anger and bitterness frees you from the past.
  • Move Forward: Forgiveness allows you to focus on the present and future rather than dwelling on past hurts.
  • Openness to New Possibilities: Forgiveness creates space for new positive experiences and relationships.
  • Emotional Healing: Forgiveness promotes emotional healing and reduces stress.
  • Personal Growth: Forgiveness fosters personal growth and resilience.

8. How Can You Deal with the Fear of Being Hurt Again While Learning to Trust?

To deal with the fear of being hurt again while learning to trust, acknowledge your fears, set realistic expectations, practice self-compassion, and focus on building healthy boundaries. Fear is a natural response to past trauma, but it doesn’t have to dictate your future. Research from the Mayo Clinic suggests that managing fear involves developing coping mechanisms and seeking support. Strategies include:

  • Acknowledge Your Fears: Recognize and validate your fears without judgment.
  • Set Realistic Expectations: Understand that trust is built gradually and setbacks may occur.
  • Practice Self-Compassion: Treat yourself with kindness and understanding during difficult times.
  • Build Healthy Boundaries: Establish clear boundaries to protect your emotional well-being.
  • Seek Support: Talk to friends, family, or a therapist to process your fears and gain perspective.

9. What Are Some Practical Exercises to Help Rebuild Trust?

Practical exercises to help rebuild trust include practicing active listening, keeping commitments, engaging in open and honest communication, and spending quality time together. These exercises promote transparency, reliability, and emotional connection. According to the University of Pennsylvania, trust is strengthened through consistent positive interactions. Examples of exercises include:

  • Active Listening: Paying full attention to the other person and showing genuine interest in their thoughts and feelings.
  • Keeping Commitments: Following through on promises and being reliable in your actions.
  • Open and Honest Communication: Expressing your thoughts and feelings honestly and respectfully.
  • Quality Time: Spending focused and intentional time together to strengthen your bond.
  • Shared Activities: Engaging in activities that promote cooperation and connection.

10. How Can You Trust Yourself Again After Making Bad Decisions That Hurt Others?

To trust yourself again after making bad decisions that hurt others, acknowledge your mistakes, take responsibility for your actions, learn from the experience, and practice self-forgiveness. Self-trust is rebuilt through accountability and a commitment to personal growth. According to research from the University of Michigan, self-compassion is essential for healing after making mistakes. Key steps include:

  • Acknowledge Your Mistakes: Admit that you made a mistake and take responsibility for your actions.
  • Take Responsibility: Own the consequences of your decisions and make amends where possible.
  • Learn from the Experience: Reflect on what you can learn from the situation to avoid making similar mistakes in the future.
  • Practice Self-Forgiveness: Forgive yourself for your imperfections and commit to doing better.
  • Seek Feedback: Ask for feedback from trusted sources to gain perspective and identify areas for improvement.

11. Understanding Trauma and Its Impact on Trust

Trauma significantly impacts one’s ability to trust, often leading to deep-seated fears and insecurities. Traumatic experiences can shatter a person’s sense of safety and predictability, making it difficult to believe in the reliability of others. According to the National Center for PTSD, trauma can alter brain function and emotional regulation, leading to heightened anxiety and distrust.

11.1. How Trauma Affects the Brain

Trauma can cause significant changes in brain structure and function, particularly in areas responsible for emotional regulation and memory. The amygdala, which processes fear, can become hyperactive, leading to increased anxiety and vigilance. The hippocampus, which is involved in memory formation, may be impaired, resulting in fragmented or distorted memories. The prefrontal cortex, responsible for decision-making and impulse control, can also be affected, leading to difficulties in assessing risk and trusting others. A study by the National Institute of Mental Health found that individuals with a history of trauma often exhibit altered brain activity in these key areas.

11.2. Common Trauma Responses Related to Trust

Common trauma responses related to trust include hypervigilance, emotional numbing, and difficulty forming attachments. Hypervigilance involves being constantly on alert for potential threats, making it difficult to relax and trust others. Emotional numbing is a defense mechanism that involves suppressing emotions to avoid painful feelings, which can hinder the ability to form deep connections. Difficulty forming attachments stems from a fear of vulnerability and potential betrayal. Research from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies highlights these common responses as significant barriers to rebuilding trust after trauma.

11.3. Differentiating Trauma-Related Trust Issues from Other Trust Issues

Trauma-related trust issues are distinct from other trust issues in their intensity and origin. While general trust issues may stem from negative experiences or personality traits, trauma-related trust issues are rooted in profound emotional or physical harm. These issues often involve a deep-seated fear of re-experiencing trauma and a pervasive sense of unsafety. According to experts at the Sidran Institute, trauma-related trust issues require specialized therapeutic approaches that address the underlying trauma and promote healing.

12. Steps to Rebuild Self-Trust

Rebuilding self-trust is a foundational step in learning to trust others again. It involves acknowledging past mistakes, practicing self-compassion, and taking actions that align with your values. Self-trust is the belief in your ability to make sound judgments and act in your best interest. A study by the University of California, Los Angeles, found that self-compassion is linked to increased self-trust and resilience.

12.1. Acknowledging Past Mistakes and Learning from Them

Acknowledging past mistakes is crucial for rebuilding self-trust. It involves taking responsibility for your actions and recognizing the impact they had on yourself and others. Instead of dwelling on regret, focus on what you can learn from the experience to make better choices in the future. Reflect on the situation, identify the factors that contributed to the mistake, and develop strategies to prevent similar errors in the future.

12.2. Practicing Self-Compassion and Self-Forgiveness

Practicing self-compassion and self-forgiveness is essential for healing and rebuilding self-trust. Treat yourself with the same kindness and understanding that you would offer a friend who has made a mistake. Recognize that everyone makes errors, and self-criticism only perpetuates feelings of guilt and shame. A study by the University of Texas at Austin found that self-compassion is associated with improved mental health and well-being.

12.3. Setting Realistic Goals and Achieving Them

Setting realistic goals and achieving them is a powerful way to rebuild self-trust. Start with small, manageable goals that you can realistically accomplish. As you experience success, gradually increase the challenge. Each achievement reinforces your belief in your ability to set goals and follow through on commitments. This process builds momentum and strengthens your self-confidence.

12.4. Aligning Actions with Values

Aligning your actions with your values is fundamental for maintaining self-trust. When your behavior is consistent with your core beliefs, you experience a sense of integrity and authenticity. Identify your values, such as honesty, kindness, and responsibility, and make conscious choices that reflect these principles. This alignment strengthens your sense of self and fosters a deep sense of trust in your own character.

13. Strategies for Rebuilding Trust with Others

Rebuilding trust with others requires consistent effort, open communication, and a willingness to demonstrate trustworthiness. It involves understanding the other person’s perspective, addressing their concerns, and consistently following through on commitments. Trust is earned through consistent behavior and transparent communication.

13.1. Open and Honest Communication

Open and honest communication is the cornerstone of rebuilding trust. It involves expressing your thoughts and feelings honestly and respectfully, while also actively listening to the other person’s perspective. Avoid defensiveness and be willing to address uncomfortable topics. Transparency fosters understanding and allows the other person to feel safe in the relationship.

13.2. Active Listening and Empathy

Active listening and empathy are essential for understanding the other person’s experience and building emotional connection. Pay full attention to what they are saying, both verbally and nonverbally, and show genuine interest in their thoughts and feelings. Put yourself in their shoes and try to understand their perspective. Empathy creates a sense of validation and fosters trust.

13.3. Consistency and Reliability

Consistency and reliability are key to demonstrating trustworthiness. Follow through on your promises and be reliable in your actions. Small acts of consistency, such as being on time and keeping your word, can gradually rebuild trust over time. Predictable behavior creates a sense of safety and security.

13.4. Showing Remorse and Making Amends

Showing remorse and making amends is crucial for repairing damaged relationships. Express sincere regret for your actions and acknowledge the impact they had on the other person. Take responsibility for your mistakes and offer to make amends where possible. This demonstrates a genuine commitment to repairing the harm caused and rebuilding trust.

14. Setting Boundaries to Protect Yourself

Setting boundaries is essential for protecting yourself while learning to trust again. Boundaries define what you are comfortable with and communicate your expectations to others. Healthy boundaries protect your emotional and physical well-being and prevent you from being taken advantage of.

14.1. Identifying Your Boundaries

Identifying your boundaries involves reflecting on your values, needs, and limits. What behaviors are you comfortable with, and what behaviors are unacceptable? Consider your physical, emotional, and relational boundaries. Clearly defining your boundaries is the first step in protecting yourself.

14.2. Communicating Boundaries Clearly and Assertively

Communicating your boundaries clearly and assertively is essential for ensuring they are respected. Use “I” statements to express your needs and limits without blaming or accusing the other person. Be direct and specific in your communication. Assertiveness demonstrates self-respect and strengthens your boundaries.

14.3. Enforcing Boundaries Consistently

Enforcing boundaries consistently is crucial for maintaining their effectiveness. When someone violates your boundaries, address the behavior immediately and reiterate your expectations. Consistency demonstrates that you are serious about your boundaries and will not tolerate disrespect.

14.4. Adjusting Boundaries as Needed

Adjusting boundaries as needed is a natural part of the process. As you heal and grow, your needs and limits may change. Re-evaluate your boundaries periodically and adjust them accordingly. Flexibility allows you to adapt to changing circumstances while still protecting your well-being.

15. The Role of Professional Help

Professional help can be invaluable in learning to trust again, particularly after experiencing trauma or betrayal. Therapists and counselors can provide guidance, support, and evidence-based interventions to help you heal and rebuild trust.

15.1. Benefits of Therapy for Trust Issues

Therapy offers numerous benefits for addressing trust issues. Therapists can help you explore the root causes of your trust issues, process traumatic experiences, and develop coping strategies for managing anxiety and fear. Therapy provides a safe and supportive environment to explore vulnerable emotions and develop healthier relationship patterns.

15.2. Types of Therapy That Can Help

Several types of therapy can be effective for addressing trust issues. Trauma-focused therapies, such as EMDR and cognitive processing therapy, can help you process traumatic memories and reduce their impact on your current functioning. Relationship therapy can help you improve communication skills and develop healthier relationship patterns. Individual therapy can help you explore your own beliefs and behaviors related to trust.

15.3. Finding a Qualified Therapist

Finding a qualified therapist is essential for effective treatment. Look for a therapist who specializes in trauma or relationship issues and has experience working with clients with trust issues. Check their credentials and ensure they are licensed and in good standing. Schedule a consultation to assess whether they are a good fit for your needs.

15.4. What to Expect in Therapy

In therapy, you can expect to explore your past experiences, identify patterns of behavior, and develop coping strategies for managing emotions. Your therapist will provide a safe and supportive environment to explore vulnerable emotions and develop healthier relationship patterns. Therapy is a collaborative process, and your therapist will work with you to develop a treatment plan that meets your individual needs.

16. Building a Support System

Building a support system is essential for navigating the challenges of learning to trust again. A strong support system provides emotional support, encouragement, and perspective.

16.1. Identifying Supportive People in Your Life

Identifying supportive people in your life involves reflecting on your relationships and identifying individuals who are trustworthy, empathetic, and non-judgmental. These individuals should be good listeners and provide a safe space for you to share your thoughts and feelings.

16.2. Strengthening Existing Relationships

Strengthening existing relationships involves investing time and effort into nurturing your connections. Communicate openly with your loved ones, spend quality time together, and offer support when they need it. Strong relationships provide a buffer against stress and promote emotional well-being.

16.3. Joining Support Groups

Joining support groups can provide a sense of community and shared experience. Support groups offer a safe and supportive environment to connect with others who are facing similar challenges. Sharing your experiences and hearing from others can reduce feelings of isolation and promote healing.

16.4. Setting Boundaries in Relationships

Setting boundaries in relationships is crucial for protecting your emotional well-being. Communicate your needs and limits to your loved ones and enforce your boundaries consistently. Healthy boundaries promote mutual respect and prevent you from being taken advantage of.

17. Cultivating Self-Love and Acceptance

Cultivating self-love and acceptance is fundamental for healing and rebuilding trust. Self-love involves treating yourself with kindness, compassion, and respect. Acceptance involves embracing your imperfections and recognizing that you are worthy of love and belonging.

17.1. Practicing Self-Care

Practicing self-care involves engaging in activities that promote your physical, emotional, and mental well-being. This may include exercise, healthy eating, meditation, or spending time in nature. Self-care is essential for managing stress and promoting resilience.

17.2. Challenging Negative Self-Talk

Challenging negative self-talk involves identifying and reframing negative thoughts. Negative self-talk can undermine your self-esteem and perpetuate feelings of guilt and shame. Challenge negative thoughts by asking yourself whether they are based on facts or assumptions. Replace negative thoughts with positive affirmations.

17.3. Focusing on Strengths and Accomplishments

Focusing on your strengths and accomplishments can boost your self-esteem and confidence. Make a list of your strengths and accomplishments and reflect on your successes. Recognizing your positive qualities can counteract negative self-perceptions.

17.4. Embracing Imperfection

Embracing imperfection involves accepting that you are not perfect and that mistakes are a natural part of the human experience. Let go of unrealistic expectations and embrace your flaws. Self-acceptance promotes self-compassion and reduces self-criticism.

18. The Importance of Patience and Persistence

Learning to trust again is a process that requires patience and persistence. It takes time to heal from trauma and rebuild trust. There may be setbacks along the way, but it’s important to stay committed to the process.

18.1. Trusting the Process

Trusting the process involves believing that healing is possible and that you are capable of rebuilding trust. Have faith in your ability to overcome challenges and stay focused on your goals.

18.2. Celebrating Small Victories

Celebrating small victories along the way can provide encouragement and motivation. Acknowledge your progress and celebrate your successes, no matter how small they may seem.

18.3. Learning from Setbacks

Learning from setbacks is an essential part of the healing process. View setbacks as opportunities for growth and learning. Reflect on what you can learn from the experience and adjust your strategies accordingly.

18.4. Staying Committed to Growth

Staying committed to growth involves making a conscious decision to continue learning and evolving. Embrace new experiences and challenge yourself to step outside of your comfort zone. Continuous growth promotes resilience and enhances your ability to trust again.

19. Resources for Continued Learning and Support

Numerous resources are available to support you in your journey of learning to trust again. These resources can provide education, guidance, and support.

19.1. Recommended Books on Trust and Relationships

Recommended books on trust and relationships include “The Anatomy of Trust” by Brené Brown, “Attached” by Amir Levine and Rachel Heller, and “After the Affair” by Janis Abrahms Spring. These books offer valuable insights into the dynamics of trust, attachment, and relationship repair.

19.2. Online Articles and Websites

Numerous online articles and websites offer information and support for individuals struggling with trust issues. Websites such as Psychology Today, the Gottman Institute, and the National Center for PTSD provide valuable resources and articles on trust, relationships, and trauma.

19.3. Support Groups and Organizations

Support groups and organizations can provide a sense of community and shared experience. Organizations such as the Anxiety and Depression Association of America and the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies offer support groups and resources for individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and trauma.

19.4. Educational Workshops and Seminars

Educational workshops and seminars can provide in-depth knowledge and skills for building trust and healthy relationships. These workshops often cover topics such as communication skills, boundary setting, and conflict resolution.

20. Trusting Again: A Journey Worth Taking

Learning to trust again is a challenging but rewarding journey. It requires courage, vulnerability, and a willingness to heal from past hurts. The ability to trust others is essential for building meaningful relationships and experiencing joy and fulfillment in life. Embrace the process and celebrate your progress along the way.

FAQ Section

1. How Long Does It Take to Learn to Trust Someone Again?

The timeline for learning to trust someone again varies widely depending on the individual, the nature of the betrayal, and the level of effort invested in rebuilding trust. It can take months, years, or even a lifetime. Be patient with yourself and the process.

2. Is It Possible to Fully Trust Someone After a Major Betrayal?

While it may be difficult to fully trust someone after a major betrayal, it is possible to rebuild trust to a level where you feel safe and secure in the relationship. This requires honesty, commitment, and consistent effort from both parties.

3. What If the Person Who Betrayed Me Isn’t Willing to Change?

If the person who betrayed you is unwilling to change, it may be necessary to re-evaluate the relationship. It is not possible to rebuild trust with someone who is not willing to take responsibility for their actions and commit to making amends.

4. How Can I Tell If Someone Is Being Honest with Me?

While it is not always possible to know for sure if someone is being honest with you, there are signs that can indicate trustworthiness. These include consistency in their words and actions, transparency, and a willingness to take responsibility for their mistakes.

5. What If I’m Afraid of Being Vulnerable?

Being vulnerable is an essential part of building trust, but it can be scary. Start by taking small steps to open up to others and sharing your thoughts and feelings gradually. Focus on building trust with individuals who have proven themselves to be trustworthy.

6. How Can I Stop Dwelling on Past Betrayals?

Dwelling on past betrayals can hinder your ability to trust again. Practice mindfulness and focus on the present moment. Engage in activities that distract you from negative thoughts and feelings. Seek professional help if you are struggling to let go of the past.

7. Is It Possible to Trust Someone Too Much?

While trust is essential for building relationships, it is possible to trust someone too much. Be mindful of red flags and set boundaries to protect yourself. Trust your intuition and don’t ignore warning signs.

8. How Can I Build Trust in a New Relationship?

Building trust in a new relationship involves open communication, honesty, and consistency. Share your thoughts and feelings honestly and listen actively to your partner. Follow through on your promises and be reliable in your actions.

9. What If I’ve Been Hurt So Many Times That I Don’t Think I Can Trust Anyone Again?

If you’ve been hurt so many times that you don’t think you can trust anyone again, it’s important to seek professional help. A therapist can help you process your past experiences and develop strategies for rebuilding trust.

10. How Can I Support Someone Who Is Learning to Trust Again?

Supporting someone who is learning to trust again involves being patient, empathetic, and understanding. Listen to their concerns without judgment and offer reassurance and encouragement. Be reliable and consistent in your actions.

Navigating the journey of learning to trust again can be complex, but you’re not alone. LEARNS.EDU.VN offers a wealth of resources to guide you through understanding trust issues, trauma, and effective strategies for rebuilding relationships. Whether you seek guidance on setting healthy boundaries, enhancing communication skills, or cultivating self-love, LEARNS.EDU.VN provides expert advice and practical tools to support your personal growth.

Take the next step towards healing and stronger connections. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN today and explore our comprehensive resources. For personalized support, contact us at 123 Education Way, Learnville, CA 90210, United States or reach out via WhatsApp at +1 555-555-1212.


AIDA Model Implementation:

  • Attention: Grabbing the reader’s attention with a direct question about learning to trust again.
  • Interest: Creating interest by highlighting the challenges and importance of rebuilding trust after betrayal.
  • Desire: Arousing desire by presenting strategies and tips for rebuilding trust in various relationships.
  • Action: Encouraging the reader to visit learns.edu.vn for additional resources and support.

Comments

No comments yet. Why don’t you start the discussion?

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *