American Sign Language (ASL) is a rich and complex language, and like any language, achieving fluency takes time and dedication. On average, it requires 8 years or more to become truly fluent in ASL. This duration is often surprising to those new to language learning, but understanding the different stages of proficiency helps to put this timeframe into perspective.
The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) has developed a proficiency chart that outlines the various levels of language acquisition, applicable to ASL as well as spoken languages. This chart is structured as an inverted pyramid, illustrating the progression from foundational knowledge to expert-level skills.
This pyramid demonstrates the journey of an ASL learner, starting at the Novice level (typically ASL levels 1-3). At this stage, learners build a basic vocabulary and grasp fundamental grammar. Progressing to the Intermediate level (ASL levels 4-6) indicates a growing ability to engage in conversations on familiar topics. The Advanced level (ASL levels 7-9) signifies the capacity to discuss more complex and abstract subjects. Finally, reaching the Superior level (ASL level 10) represents a high degree of fluency, akin to a native speaker’s command of the language. Each of these primary levels—Novice, Intermediate, and Advanced—is further divided into low, mid, and high sublevels, reflecting the nuanced development of language skills.
Completing ASL Level 3 marks the achievement of a novice signer status. However, further training beyond this level is crucial for individuals aspiring to professional roles such as sign language interpreters, paid academic ASL instructors, or teachers of the Deaf and hard of hearing.
For those interested in pursuing a career as a sign language interpreter, enrolling in a 4-year undergraduate program is generally recommended. Relevant degree programs include Interpreting Studies (IS), Interpreting Training Program (ITP), or Interpreting Preparation Program (IPP). These programs provide comprehensive training in the skills and knowledge necessary for professional interpretation.
If your goal is to teach ASL at the college level or become an ASL instructor, consider pursuing a graduate degree focused on ASL education. Universities like the University of Northern Colorado offer a Master’s degree in Teaching ASL (TASL), and Gallaudet University provides a Master’s in Sign Language Education Degree (MASLED). These advanced degrees equip educators with specialized pedagogical skills for teaching ASL effectively.
For individuals passionate about educating Deaf and hard of hearing students, graduate programs in Special Education with a concentration in Deaf and Hard of Hearing are available. For example, the University of Northern Colorado offers a Master’s degree in Special Education with this specific concentration, preparing educators to meet the unique needs of d/Deaf learners.
Learning ASL is a long-term commitment that offers immense personal and professional rewards. Understanding the proficiency levels and the dedication required can help learners set realistic goals and appreciate the journey towards fluency in this beautiful and vital language.
