This article explores the seven research-based principles of learning outlined in the book How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching by Susan A. Ambrose, Michael W. Bridges, Michele DiPietro, Marsha C. Lovett, and Marie K. Norman. These principles provide a framework for educators to understand how students learn and apply this knowledge to improve teaching strategies.
Prior Knowledge: The Foundation of Learning
Students’ existing knowledge significantly influences their ability to learn new information. Accurate prior knowledge provides a strong foundation for building understanding, while inaccurate or incomplete prior knowledge can hinder learning. Educators can use techniques like pre-tests, brainstorming sessions, and concept mapping to assess prior knowledge and tailor instruction accordingly. Addressing misconceptions and filling knowledge gaps early in the learning process are crucial for student success.
Fig 1: Methods for assessing prior knowledge can include pre-tests and concept mapping.
Knowledge Organization: Connecting the Dots
How students organize their knowledge impacts how they learn and apply information. Helping students connect new concepts to existing knowledge frameworks enhances understanding and retention. Techniques like concept mapping, outlining, and summarizing can help students structure their learning and build meaningful connections between ideas.
Fig 2: Effective knowledge organization helps students connect new concepts to existing frameworks.
Motivation: The Driving Force Behind Learning
Motivation plays a crucial role in directing and sustaining learning. Understanding students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations can help educators create engaging learning experiences. Incorporating active learning strategies, providing meaningful feedback, and setting clear learning goals can foster student motivation.
Fig 3: Engaging learning experiences and meaningful feedback can fuel student motivation.
Mastery: Developing Expertise Through Practice
Mastery learning involves developing skills, practicing their integration, and knowing when to apply them. Providing opportunities for deliberate practice, offering targeted feedback, and breaking down complex tasks into manageable steps are essential for fostering mastery.
Fig 4: Mastery learning involves deliberate practice, targeted feedback, and breaking down complex tasks.
Practice and Feedback: Refining Skills and Knowledge
Goal-directed practice coupled with targeted feedback is essential for improving learning. Providing opportunities for students to apply their knowledge in authentic contexts, offering constructive criticism, and encouraging self-reflection can enhance learning.
Fig 5: Goal-directed practice and targeted feedback are crucial for refining skills and knowledge.
Development and Learning Environment: Creating a Conducive Context
The learner’s developmental stage and the learning environment interact to influence learning. Creating a supportive and inclusive classroom climate that fosters collaboration and respects individual differences can optimize learning.
Fig 6: A supportive and inclusive learning environment promotes optimal learning.
Self-Directed Learning: Fostering Autonomy
Self-directed learners can monitor and adjust their learning approaches. Providing opportunities for students to set their own learning goals, choose learning strategies, and evaluate their progress can promote self-directed learning skills.
Fig 7: Self-directed learners can monitor and adjust their learning approaches.
Conclusion: Applying the Principles for Smart Teaching
The seven principles of learning provide a valuable framework for educators to design effective teaching strategies. By understanding how students learn, educators can create engaging learning experiences that promote deep understanding, skill development, and lifelong learning. Applying these principles can transform teaching and empower students to reach their full potential.
