Autism profoundly affects learning, influencing sensory processing, communication, and cognitive functions, which are discussed in detail in this comprehensive article from LEARNS.EDU.VN, offering insights and strategies for effective support. By understanding these challenges and implementing tailored educational techniques, we can create a more supportive learning environment for individuals with autism, boosting their academic and personal growth. Discover proven strategies, individualized instruction, and the role of technology to optimize learning outcomes, focusing on cognitive development and adaptive learning techniques.
1. Understanding How Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Impacts Learning
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) significantly impacts learning due to unique challenges in sensory processing, executive functioning, communication, and cognitive skills. According to research, individuals with ASD often exhibit diverse learning styles and preferences. LEARNS.EDU.VN provides detailed strategies to address these challenges and foster effective learning environments.
1.1 Sensory Processing Differences
Sensory processing differences are common in individuals with ASD, affecting their ability to learn effectively.
- Hypersensitivity: Over-responsiveness to stimuli like sounds or light can cause distractions.
- Hyposensitivity: Under-responsiveness to sensory input can result in a lack of awareness of the environment.
- Sensory Integration Difficulties: Difficulty processing multiple sensory inputs simultaneously can lead to overwhelm.
- Sensory Seeking: Constant need for sensory input, which can be disruptive in a classroom setting.
These sensory differences significantly impact a student’s ability to concentrate and engage in learning activities. Implementing sensory-friendly strategies can mitigate these challenges and create a more supportive educational environment. Consider these actionable steps for educators:
- Create Quiet Zones: Designate a quiet area in the classroom where students can retreat when feeling overwhelmed.
- Use Noise-Cancelling Headphones: Allow students to use headphones to minimize auditory distractions during focused tasks.
- Provide Fidget Tools: Offer fidget toys or stress balls to help students manage sensory input and improve focus.
- Adjust Lighting: Modify classroom lighting to reduce glare and flickering, which can be distracting for hypersensitive students.
1.2 Executive Functioning Challenges
Executive functioning deficits, including planning, organization, and working memory, significantly impact learning for students with ASD. These deficits make it difficult to manage tasks effectively and retain information.
- Difficulty with Planning & Organization: Struggle initiating tasks and breaking them into manageable steps.
- Impaired Working Memory: Trouble retaining information for immediate use.
- Reduced Attention: Difficulty focusing and shifting attention between tasks.
Addressing these deficits requires tailored strategies that foster independence and skill-building. According to a study by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), structured routines and visual supports can significantly improve executive functioning skills in children with autism.
To support students, educators and parents can implement the following strategies:
- Use Visual Schedules: Post a visual schedule of the day’s activities to help students anticipate transitions and manage their time.
- Break Down Tasks: Divide complex tasks into smaller, more manageable steps to reduce overwhelm.
- Implement Time Management Tools: Use timers and checklists to help students stay on track and manage their time effectively.
- Provide Clear Instructions: Offer clear, concise instructions, both verbally and in writing, to aid comprehension and retention.
1.3 Language and Communication Difficulties
Language and communication challenges are core characteristics of ASD, often leading to significant difficulties in learning environments. These challenges can manifest as:
- Delayed Expressive Language: Difficulty expressing thoughts, needs, and ideas verbally.
- Delayed Receptive Language: Trouble understanding spoken language and following directions.
- Difficulty with Social Use of Language: Challenges in social communication, impacting interactions with peers and teachers.
These communication barriers affect a child’s ability to participate in classroom activities, understand instructions, and interact with peers. Research from Yale University emphasizes the importance of early intervention to improve communication skills and academic outcomes for children with autism.
To support communication development, the following strategies can be implemented:
- Use Visual Aids: Implement visual supports such as picture cards and communication boards to enhance understanding and expression.
- Encourage Social Stories: Use social stories to teach appropriate social behaviors and communication skills.
- Provide Alternative Communication Methods: Offer alternative communication methods such as sign language or assistive technology devices.
- Promote Peer Interactions: Facilitate structured opportunities for interaction with peers to improve social communication skills.
1.4 Cognitive Processing Differences
Cognitive processing differences, such as difficulties understanding abstract concepts, significantly impact learning in individuals with ASD. These differences can present challenges in areas like:
- Understanding Figurative Language: Difficulty interpreting metaphors, idioms, and analogies.
- Generalization: Struggle applying learned skills or knowledge to new environments or situations.
- Abstract Thinking: Difficulty grasping abstract concepts and ideas.
These cognitive challenges can hinder a student’s ability to comprehend complex material and apply it effectively. A study by Harvard University highlights the importance of concrete, hands-on learning approaches to support cognitive development in children with autism.
To address these cognitive differences, educators and parents can use the following techniques:
- Use Concrete Examples: Provide concrete examples and hands-on activities to illustrate abstract concepts.
- Teach Generalization Strategies: Explicitly teach strategies for generalizing skills to different settings and situations.
- Break Down Abstract Ideas: Simplify abstract ideas into smaller, more manageable components.
- Incorporate Visual Learning: Utilize visual aids such as diagrams, charts, and videos to enhance understanding.
Sensory Processing and Autism
1.5 Learning Style Preferences
Individuals with ASD often exhibit specific learning style preferences, which can significantly impact their educational experience. Common preferences include:
- Visual Learning: Strong preference for visual aids and representations.
- Structured Environments: Thriving in predictable and organized settings.
- Routine-Based Learning: Preference for consistent routines and schedules.
Recognizing and accommodating these preferences can greatly enhance learning outcomes. Research from Stanford University indicates that aligning teaching methods with a student’s preferred learning style can improve engagement and academic performance.
To cater to these learning preferences, consider the following strategies:
- Use Visual Supports: Implement visual aids such as graphic organizers, diagrams, and videos to support visual learners.
- Create Structured Routines: Establish consistent routines and schedules to provide a sense of predictability and security.
- Provide Clear Expectations: Clearly communicate expectations and guidelines to reduce anxiety and promote understanding.
- Offer Choice and Control: Allow students to make choices within structured activities to foster a sense of autonomy and engagement.
1.6 Restrictive and Repetitive Behaviors (RRBs)
Restrictive and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are hallmark features of ASD, and they can significantly impact learning by causing distractions and interfering with a student’s ability to focus on academic tasks. RRBs include:
- Focused Interests: Intense preoccupation with specific topics or objects.
- Stimming Behaviors: Repetitive movements or sounds such as hand-flapping or vocalizations.
- Rigidity: Difficulty adapting to changes in routine or environment.
These behaviors can disrupt classroom activities and hinder a student’s ability to engage with new material. A study by the Autism Society of America highlights the importance of understanding and managing RRBs to support effective learning.
To address RRBs, consider these strategies:
- Incorporate Interests: Integrate a student’s special interests into learning activities to increase engagement.
- Provide Sensory Outlets: Offer appropriate sensory outlets such as fidget toys or movement breaks to manage stimming behaviors.
- Prepare for Transitions: Provide advance notice and visual supports to prepare students for changes in routine or environment.
- Create Calming Strategies: Develop calming strategies such as deep breathing exercises or mindfulness techniques to help students manage anxiety and stress.
2. Effective Learning Strategies for Students with Autism
Implementing tailored learning strategies can significantly improve academic outcomes for students with Autism. These strategies address their unique challenges and leverage their strengths, fostering an inclusive and supportive learning environment.
2.1 Incorporating Visual Supports
Visual supports are essential for students with Autism, enhancing comprehension and retention of information. Visual aids transform abstract concepts into concrete, understandable formats.
- Visual Schedules: Depict daily activities in a sequence, reducing anxiety by providing predictability.
- Visual Timers: Help students understand the duration of tasks, improving time management skills.
- Picture Cues: Aid in understanding and following instructions, particularly useful for students with language delays.
These visual supports ensure students can navigate their learning environment with greater confidence. According to a report by the National Autism Center, visual supports are an evidence-based practice that promotes independence and reduces challenging behaviors in students with autism.
Here are actionable steps for implementing visual supports:
- Create a Daily Schedule: Use pictures or symbols to represent each activity in the school day.
- Implement Task Analysis: Break down complex tasks into smaller steps, illustrated with pictures or diagrams.
- Use Social Stories: Create stories with visuals to teach social skills and expected behaviors.
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2.2 Creating a Structured Environment
A structured environment provides predictability and reduces sensory overload, which is crucial for students with Autism. Consistent routines and clear expectations minimize anxiety and promote focus.
- Consistent Routines: Regular daily schedules help students anticipate what’s next, reducing uncertainty.
- Clear Expectations: Explicit guidelines for behavior and academic tasks ensure students understand what is expected of them.
- Organized Spaces: Well-organized classrooms with designated areas for different activities minimize distractions.
Research from the TEACCH Autism Program at the University of North Carolina emphasizes the importance of structured teaching to enhance learning outcomes for individuals with ASD.
To create a structured environment, follow these steps:
- Establish a Routine: Develop a consistent daily schedule and stick to it as much as possible.
- Define Clear Rules: Clearly communicate classroom rules and expectations using visual aids.
- Organize the Classroom: Arrange the classroom to minimize distractions and provide clear areas for different activities.
2.3 Incorporating Social Skills Training
Social skills training is vital for helping students with Autism navigate social interactions and build relationships. Targeted instruction and practice can improve their ability to interact with peers and adults.
- Role-Playing: Practicing social scenarios helps students develop appropriate responses and behaviors.
- Video Modeling: Watching videos of positive social interactions provides examples to imitate.
- Social Stories: Narratives that describe social situations and expected behaviors, improving understanding and empathy.
These training methods help students develop the social competencies necessary for successful inclusion and participation. According to the Association for Science in Autism Treatment (ASAT), social skills training is an evidence-based practice that enhances social functioning in individuals with ASD.
To implement social skills training, consider these actions:
- Identify Target Skills: Determine which social skills the student needs to improve, such as initiating conversations or sharing.
- Use Role-Playing: Practice social scenarios with the student, providing feedback and guidance.
- Incorporate Video Modeling: Show videos of positive social interactions and discuss the behaviors observed.
2.4 Using Individualized Instruction
Individualized instruction tailors teaching methods to meet the unique needs and strengths of each student with Autism. This approach ensures that students receive the support they need to succeed.
- Personalized Learning Plans: Tailored to address specific learning goals and challenges.
- Adaptive Teaching Methods: Adjusting instructional strategies based on the student’s responses and progress.
- Accommodations: Providing necessary supports such as extra time, preferential seating, or assistive technology.
Individualized instruction recognizes that each student learns differently and adapts the learning experience accordingly. A study by the IRIS Center at Vanderbilt University highlights the importance of individualized education programs (IEPs) in supporting the academic success of students with autism.
To provide individualized instruction, follow these steps:
- Assess Student Needs: Conduct a thorough assessment to identify the student’s strengths, weaknesses, and learning preferences.
- Develop an IEP: Create an individualized education program (IEP) with specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals.
- Implement Accommodations: Provide necessary accommodations and supports to help the student access the curriculum.
2.5 Allowing Sensory Breaks
Sensory breaks provide students with Autism opportunities to regulate their sensory input, preventing overload and promoting focus. These breaks are crucial for maintaining a calm and productive learning environment.
- Quiet Spaces: Designated areas where students can retreat to calm down and regulate their senses.
- Fidget Toys: Tools that provide tactile input, helping students manage anxiety and improve focus.
- Movement Activities: Activities such as walking or stretching that allow students to release energy and regulate sensory input.
These sensory breaks enable students to manage their sensory experiences and return to learning activities with renewed focus. Research from the STAR Institute for Sensory Processing Disorder supports the use of sensory strategies to improve attention and reduce challenging behaviors in individuals with ASD.
To implement sensory breaks, consider these actions:
- Create a Sensory Room: Designate a quiet space in the classroom where students can go to calm down and regulate their senses.
- Provide Sensory Tools: Offer fidget toys, weighted blankets, or other sensory tools to help students manage their sensory input.
- Schedule Movement Breaks: Incorporate regular movement breaks into the daily schedule to allow students to release energy and regulate their sensory input.
2.6 Providing Reinforcements
Reinforcements motivate students with Autism to engage in learning activities and achieve their goals. Positive reinforcement strategies encourage desired behaviors and promote a positive learning environment.
- Praise: Verbal affirmations that acknowledge and reward effort and achievement.
- Tangible Rewards: Small gifts or privileges given for completing tasks or demonstrating desired behaviors.
- Preferred Activities: Allowing students to engage in preferred activities as a reward for completing work.
These reinforcements create a positive association with learning, encouraging students to participate and succeed. According to research published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, positive reinforcement is an effective strategy for increasing desired behaviors and improving learning outcomes in individuals with ASD.
To provide reinforcements, follow these steps:
- Identify Reinforcers: Determine what motivates the student, such as praise, tangible rewards, or preferred activities.
- Provide Immediate Feedback: Offer immediate reinforcement when the student demonstrates the desired behavior.
- Use a Token Economy: Implement a token economy system where students earn tokens for good behavior and can exchange them for rewards.
3. The Critical Roles of Parents and Educators in Autism Education
Parents and educators play vital, complementary roles in the education of students with Autism. Collaboration and mutual support are essential for creating an optimal learning environment that caters to the unique needs of each child.
3.1 Collaboration Between Parents and Educators
Effective collaboration between parents and educators ensures a consistent and supportive approach to learning. Sharing insights, strategies, and progress updates fosters a unified approach that benefits the student.
- Regular Communication: Frequent updates and discussions about the student’s progress and challenges.
- Shared Goals: Jointly developing learning goals and strategies that are implemented both at home and in school.
- Mutual Support: Providing each other with encouragement, resources, and assistance.
Collaboration between parents and educators creates a strong support system that enhances the student’s learning experience. According to the National Education Association (NEA), parent-teacher collaboration is a key factor in student success, particularly for students with special needs.
To foster effective collaboration, consider these actions:
- Schedule Regular Meetings: Conduct regular meetings to discuss the student’s progress, challenges, and strategies.
- Share Information: Exchange information about the student’s strengths, weaknesses, and learning preferences.
- Develop Shared Goals: Jointly develop learning goals and strategies that are implemented both at home and in school.
3.2 Incorporating Student Interests
Integrating a student’s interests into learning activities increases engagement and motivation. This approach transforms learning from a chore into an enjoyable and meaningful experience.
- Interest-Based Activities: Designing activities that incorporate the student’s favorite topics or hobbies.
- Personalized Projects: Allowing students to choose project topics that align with their interests.
- Real-World Connections: Connecting learning concepts to real-world examples that are relevant to the student’s interests.
Incorporating student interests makes learning more engaging and relevant, improving academic outcomes. Research from the Autism Speaks organization emphasizes the importance of tapping into a child’s special interests to enhance learning and development.
To incorporate student interests, follow these steps:
- Identify Student Interests: Determine the student’s favorite topics, hobbies, or activities.
- Design Interest-Based Activities: Create learning activities that incorporate the student’s interests.
- Connect Learning to Interests: Connect learning concepts to real-world examples that are relevant to the student’s interests.
3.3 Leveraging Unique Strengths
Identifying and leveraging a student’s unique strengths enhances their confidence and promotes academic success. This strengths-based approach builds on what the student does well, creating a positive learning experience.
- Identifying Strengths: Recognizing and celebrating the student’s talents and abilities.
- Building Confidence: Providing opportunities for the student to showcase their strengths.
- Strengths-Based Learning: Designing learning activities that capitalize on the student’s strengths.
Leveraging unique strengths enhances a student’s confidence and promotes academic success. A study by the University of Michigan highlights the importance of a strengths-based approach in supporting the development of children with autism.
To leverage unique strengths, consider these actions:
- Identify Strengths: Determine the student’s talents, abilities, and areas of expertise.
- Provide Opportunities: Create opportunities for the student to showcase their strengths and build confidence.
- Design Strengths-Based Activities: Develop learning activities that capitalize on the student’s strengths.
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4. The Role of Technology in Supporting Autistic Learners
Technology plays a transformative role in supporting autistic learners, providing tools and resources that enhance their learning experience. Assistive technology, educational software, and online resources offer personalized support that addresses the unique needs of each student.
4.1 Assistive Technology Tools
Assistive technology (AT) tools help autistic learners overcome challenges and access the curriculum more effectively. These tools support communication, organization, and sensory regulation.
- Communication Devices: Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices help nonverbal students express themselves.
- Organization Software: Programs that assist with task management, scheduling, and note-taking.
- Sensory Regulation Tools: Apps and devices that provide sensory input and help students manage their environment.
Assistive technology enhances independence, communication, and academic performance for autistic learners. The ATIA (Assistive Technology Industry Association) highlights the importance of AT in promoting access and participation for individuals with disabilities.
To integrate assistive technology, consider these steps:
- Assess Technology Needs: Determine which AT tools would best support the student’s specific needs.
- Provide Training: Offer training and support to help the student use the AT tools effectively.
- Monitor Progress: Regularly monitor the student’s progress to ensure the AT tools are meeting their needs.
4.2 Educational Software and Apps
Educational software and apps offer interactive learning experiences that cater to the learning styles of autistic students. These resources provide structured lessons, visual supports, and opportunities for practice and reinforcement.
- Visual Learning Apps: Apps that use visual supports to teach academic concepts.
- Social Skills Apps: Apps that teach social skills through interactive lessons and role-playing.
- Adaptive Learning Platforms: Platforms that adjust the difficulty level based on the student’s performance.
Educational software enhances engagement, comprehension, and skill development for autistic learners. Research in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders supports the use of technology-based interventions to improve academic outcomes for children with autism.
To integrate educational software, consider these steps:
- Identify Relevant Software: Determine which software and apps align with the student’s learning goals and preferences.
- Provide Structured Activities: Offer structured activities that guide the student through the software lessons.
- Monitor Progress: Regularly monitor the student’s progress to ensure the software is effective.
4.3 Online Resources and Platforms
Online resources and platforms offer a wealth of information, support, and learning opportunities for autistic students, parents, and educators. These resources provide access to expert advice, educational materials, and community support.
- Educational Websites: Websites that offer lessons, activities, and resources for autistic learners.
- Parent Support Forums: Online communities where parents can share advice and support.
- Professional Development Resources: Websites that offer training and resources for educators who work with autistic students.
Online resources enhance knowledge, support, and access to educational materials for the autism community. Organizations like the Autism Society of America and the National Autistic Society offer extensive online resources for individuals with ASD and their families.
To utilize online resources, consider these steps:
- Explore Websites: Explore websites that offer resources for autistic learners, parents, and educators.
- Join Support Forums: Participate in online support forums to connect with other parents and share advice.
- Access Professional Development: Utilize online resources to enhance your knowledge and skills in supporting autistic students.
5. Emerging Trends and Future Directions in Autism Education
The field of autism education is continually evolving, with emerging trends and innovative approaches that promise to enhance learning outcomes and improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD. Staying abreast of these developments is essential for educators, parents, and caregivers.
5.1 Personalized Learning Technologies
Personalized learning technologies adapt instruction to meet the unique needs and learning styles of each student with autism. These technologies use data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) to tailor the learning experience.
- AI-Driven Platforms: Platforms that analyze student performance and adjust the difficulty level of lessons.
- Adaptive Curriculum: Curriculum that adapts to the student’s learning pace and style.
- Virtual Reality (VR) Learning: VR simulations that provide immersive learning experiences.
Personalized learning technologies enhance engagement, comprehension, and skill development for autistic learners. Research from MIT suggests that personalized learning technologies can significantly improve academic outcomes for students with ASD.
To integrate personalized learning technologies, consider these steps:
- Assess Technology Options: Determine which technologies align with the student’s learning goals and preferences.
- Provide Training: Offer training and support to help the student use the technologies effectively.
- Monitor Progress: Regularly monitor the student’s progress to ensure the technologies are meeting their needs.
5.2 Neurodiversity-Affirming Practices
Neurodiversity-affirming practices recognize and celebrate the natural variations in human brain function, including autism. These practices promote inclusion, acceptance, and respect for autistic individuals.
- Strengths-Based Approach: Focusing on the student’s strengths and abilities rather than their deficits.
- Autistic-Led Initiatives: Involving autistic individuals in the design and implementation of educational programs.
- Inclusive Environments: Creating learning environments that accommodate the sensory and communication needs of autistic students.
Neurodiversity-affirming practices enhance self-esteem, promote inclusion, and improve learning outcomes for autistic individuals. Research from the Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN) supports the implementation of neurodiversity-affirming practices in education.
To implement neurodiversity-affirming practices, consider these steps:
- Educate Yourself: Learn about neurodiversity and autism from autistic individuals and organizations.
- Advocate for Inclusion: Promote inclusion and acceptance in your school or community.
- Support Autistic Voices: Amplify the voices of autistic individuals in discussions about autism education.
5.3 Early Intervention Strategies
Early intervention strategies provide targeted support and services to young children with autism, maximizing their developmental potential. These strategies focus on improving communication, social skills, and cognitive abilities.
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA): A therapy that uses positive reinforcement to teach skills and reduce challenging behaviors.
- Speech Therapy: Therapy that improves communication skills, including speech, language, and social communication.
- Occupational Therapy: Therapy that improves sensory processing, motor skills, and daily living skills.
Early intervention enhances developmental outcomes and improves the quality of life for children with autism. The CDC emphasizes the importance of early intervention for children with ASD.
To implement early intervention strategies, consider these steps:
- Seek Early Diagnosis: Obtain an early diagnosis if you suspect your child has autism.
- Access Early Intervention Services: Enroll your child in early intervention programs that provide ABA, speech therapy, and occupational therapy.
- Support Development at Home: Support your child’s development at home by using strategies recommended by therapists and educators.
6. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Autism and Learning
6.1 Is Autism Considered a Learning Disability?
Autism is not considered a learning disability, but many individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) also have learning disabilities. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior.
6.2 How Does Autism Affect Academic Performance?
Autism can affect academic performance in various ways, including difficulties with focus, information retention, understanding abstract concepts, and social interactions within a classroom.
6.3 Can Autism Affect Comprehension?
Yes, children with autism often experience comprehension delays, including difficulty understanding age-appropriate concepts and academic material, which can impact their ability to grasp new information and follow instructions.
6.4 Does Autism Affect Concentration?
Yes, children with Autism may have trouble staying focused on tasks or can become easily distracted by sensory stimuli around them, leading to difficulties in maintaining attention during learning activities.
6.5 Does Autism Affect Memory?
Yes, some children with Autism have deficits in working (short term) memory, causing difficulties retaining and recalling information, which can impact their ability to remember instructions and complete tasks.
6.6 What Strategies Can Help Autistic Students Learn Better?
Effective strategies include incorporating visual supports, creating structured environments, incorporating social skills training, using individualized instruction, allowing sensory breaks, and providing reinforcements.
6.7 How Can Parents Support Their Autistic Child’s Learning?
Parents can support their autistic child’s learning by collaborating with educators, incorporating their child’s interests into learning activities, leveraging their unique strengths, and creating a supportive home environment.
6.8 What Role Does Technology Play in Autism Education?
Technology plays a vital role in autism education by providing assistive technology tools, educational software and apps, and access to online resources and platforms that enhance learning and support.
6.9 How Can Educators Create Inclusive Classrooms for Autistic Students?
Educators can create inclusive classrooms by implementing strategies that accommodate sensory sensitivities, promote communication and social interaction, and provide individualized instruction and support.
6.10 What Are Emerging Trends in Autism Education?
Emerging trends include personalized learning technologies, neurodiversity-affirming practices, and early intervention strategies that aim to enhance learning outcomes and improve the quality of life for individuals with Autism.
Final Thoughts
Understanding how autism affects learning is essential for creating supportive and effective educational environments for individuals with ASD. By implementing tailored strategies, fostering collaboration between parents and educators, and leveraging technology, we can empower autistic learners to reach their full potential. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN for more in-depth resources and courses designed to support educators and parents in nurturing the learning journey of students with autism. Discover a wide range of articles, tools, and expert advice to enhance your understanding and skills in autism education.
Ready to take the next step? Explore our comprehensive resources and connect with our community of educators and parents at LEARNS.EDU.VN. Empower yourself with the knowledge and tools to make a real difference in the lives of autistic learners. Contact us at 123 Education Way, Learnville, CA 90210, United States. Whatsapp: +1 555-555-1212. Website: learns.edu.vn.