How Can I Learn Urdu For Free? Your Ultimate Guide

Learning Urdu for free is entirely achievable with the right resources and approach. With the assistance of LEARNS.EDU.VN, you can access comprehensive guidance and practical tools to master Urdu vocabulary, pronunciation, and conversational skills without spending a dime. Discover how to leverage free online resources, language exchange programs, and community initiatives to embark on your Urdu learning journey today and gain proficiency in this beautiful language.

1. What Free Online Resources Can I Use to Learn Urdu?

Many free online resources can help you learn Urdu, from comprehensive courses to interactive tools. These resources often include lessons on grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and cultural insights.

1.1. Websites Offering Free Urdu Lessons

Several websites offer free Urdu lessons that cater to different learning styles and levels.

LEARNS.EDU.VN: While providing a range of educational content, be sure to check LEARNS.EDU.VN for curated articles and resources on learning Urdu, potentially offering a pathway to structured learning materials.
LingoHut: Offers 125 free lessons focused on Urdu vocabulary and pronunciation. Each lesson is short and includes voice recordings to help with pronunciation. LingoHut is particularly useful for beginners needing essential vocabulary.
Duolingo: A popular language learning app that offers a free Urdu course. It uses a gamified approach to keep learners engaged. Lessons cover basic grammar and vocabulary through interactive exercises.
Memrise: This platform uses flashcards and spaced repetition to help you memorize Urdu words and phrases. Many user-created courses are available for free.
YouTube Channels: Channels like “Learn Urdu with UrduPod101” and “Daily Urdu” offer video lessons on various aspects of the Urdu language and culture.

1.2. Mobile Apps for Learning Urdu

Mobile apps provide convenient and accessible ways to learn Urdu on the go.

Duolingo: As mentioned earlier, Duolingo’s Urdu course is also available on its mobile app, allowing you to practice anytime, anywhere.
Memrise: The Memrise app syncs with your online account, so you can continue learning on your mobile device.
HelloTalk: This app connects you with native Urdu speakers for language exchange. You can practice speaking, writing, and listening.
Anki: A flashcard app that uses spaced repetition to help you memorize Urdu vocabulary. You can create your own flashcards or download pre-made decks.

1.3. Online Dictionaries and Translation Tools

Access to reliable dictionaries and translation tools is essential for understanding new words and phrases.

Urdu Dictionary by Rekhta: An extensive online dictionary with definitions, etymology, and example sentences. Rekhta is a valuable resource for understanding the nuances of Urdu vocabulary.
Google Translate: While not perfect, Google Translate can provide quick translations of Urdu words and phrases. It also includes a text-to-speech feature for pronunciation.
Bing Translator: Similar to Google Translate, Bing Translator offers translations between Urdu and other languages.

1.4. Podcasts and Audio Resources

Listening to Urdu podcasts and audio lessons can improve your listening comprehension and pronunciation.

UrduPod101: While it offers a subscription-based service, UrduPod101 also provides many free audio lessons and podcasts. These resources cover various topics and skill levels.
BBC Urdu: Listen to news and current affairs in Urdu through the BBC Urdu service. This is an excellent way to improve your listening skills and stay informed.
SBS Urdu: Similar to BBC Urdu, SBS Urdu offers news and cultural programs in Urdu.

1.5. E-Books and Online Texts

Reading Urdu e-books and online texts can expand your vocabulary and improve your reading comprehension.

Rekhta: Offers a vast collection of Urdu poetry, ghazals, and literature. You can read these texts online for free.
Project Gutenberg: While primarily known for English classics, Project Gutenberg also has a few Urdu texts available for free download.
Internet Archive: This digital library has a collection of Urdu books and documents that you can borrow or download.

2. How Can I Create a Structured Learning Plan for Urdu?

Creating a structured learning plan is crucial for making consistent progress. A well-designed plan helps you stay organized and focused on your learning goals.

2.1. Setting Realistic Goals

Start by setting achievable goals. For example, aim to learn ten new words a day or complete one lesson per week.

Define Your Objectives:
- Short-Term Goals: Learn basic greetings and introductions in one week.
- Medium-Term Goals: Hold a simple conversation on everyday topics in three months.
- Long-Term Goals: Read a simple Urdu novel in one year.
Use the SMART Framework:
- Specific: “I will learn 10 new Urdu words each day.”
- Measurable: “I will complete one lesson on Duolingo each week.”
- Achievable: “I will practice Urdu for 30 minutes every day.”
- Relevant: “Learning Urdu will help me communicate with my family.”
- Time-Bound: “I will achieve conversational fluency in 18 months.”

2.2. Breaking Down the Curriculum

Divide your learning into manageable topics, such as basic grammar, vocabulary, and conversation skills.

Grammar:
- Nouns and Pronouns
- Verbs and Tenses
- Adjectives and Adverbs
- Sentence Structure
Vocabulary:
- Greetings and Introductions
- Numbers and Time
- Common Phrases
- Food and Drink
Conversation Skills:
- Asking Questions
- Giving Directions
- Ordering Food
- Making Small Talk

2.3. Creating a Study Schedule

Allocate specific times for studying each day or week. Consistency is key.

Time Slot	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday	Sunday
7:00 AM – 7:30 AM	Urdu Vocabulary	Urdu Grammar	Urdu Vocabulary	Urdu Grammar	Urdu Vocabulary	Review All	Rest
7:30 PM – 8:00 PM	Urdu Conversation	Urdu Listening	Urdu Conversation	Urdu Listening	Urdu Conversation	Practice with Partner	Watch Urdu Movie

2.4. Tracking Progress and Making Adjustments

Regularly assess your progress and adjust your learning plan as needed. If a particular method isn’t working, try a different approach.

Use a Language Learning Journal: Record new words, grammar rules, and cultural insights.
Take Regular Quizzes: Test your knowledge with online quizzes or self-made tests.
Seek Feedback: Ask native speakers to evaluate your pronunciation and grammar.
Stay Flexible: Be prepared to adjust your schedule and methods based on your progress and feedback.

3. How Can I Practice Speaking Urdu for Free?

Speaking practice is essential for fluency. Several free methods can help you improve your spoken Urdu.

3.1. Language Exchange Partners

Find native Urdu speakers who want to learn your native language. You can practice speaking with each other through online platforms.

HelloTalk: Connects you with native speakers for language exchange.
Tandem: Another popular app for finding language partners.
ConversationExchange: A website dedicated to language exchange.
italki: While it has paid options, italki also offers free language exchange opportunities.

3.2. Online Language Communities

Join online forums and social media groups where Urdu speakers gather. Participate in discussions and practice your writing and speaking skills.

Reddit: Subreddits like r/Urdu and r/languagelearning are great places to find resources and connect with other learners.
Facebook Groups: Search for Urdu language learning groups and join discussions.
Discord Servers: Some language learning communities have Discord servers where you can chat with other learners in real-time.

3.3. Recording Yourself Speaking Urdu

Record yourself speaking Urdu and listen back to identify areas for improvement. Pay attention to your pronunciation, intonation, and fluency.

Use a Smartphone: Most smartphones have a built-in voice recorder app.
Online Voice Recorders: Websites like Vocaroo allow you to record and share audio online.
Compare with Native Speakers: Listen to native speakers and compare their pronunciation with your own.

3.4. Shadowing Native Speakers

Listen to Urdu audio or video and try to imitate the speaker as closely as possible. Pay attention to their pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm.

Choose Appropriate Material: Start with simple dialogues or short stories.
Focus on Pronunciation: Try to mimic the speaker’s pronunciation as accurately as possible.
Record and Compare: Record yourself shadowing and compare it with the original audio.

3.5. Utilizing Voice Chat Apps

Use voice chat apps to practice speaking Urdu with native speakers or other learners.

WhatsApp: A popular messaging app that allows voice and video calls.
Skype: Another widely used app for making voice and video calls.
Telegram: A messaging app with voice chat features.

4. How Can I Immerse Myself in the Urdu Language and Culture?

Immersion is a powerful way to accelerate your language learning. Surrounding yourself with the language and culture can make the learning process more enjoyable and effective.

4.1. Watching Urdu Movies and TV Shows

Watching Urdu movies and TV shows can improve your listening comprehension and expose you to new vocabulary.

Netflix: Netflix offers a selection of Urdu films and TV shows, such as “Zindagi Gulzar Hai.”
YouTube: Many Urdu dramas, songs, and documentaries are available on YouTube.
Eros Now: An online streaming platform with a collection of Urdu and Hindi movies.

4.2. Listening to Urdu Music

Listening to Urdu music can help you improve your pronunciation and learn new words and phrases.

Spotify: Spotify has a wide range of Urdu songs and albums.
YouTube Music: You can find Urdu music videos and audio tracks on YouTube Music.
Saavn: An Indian music streaming service with a large collection of Urdu songs.

4.3. Reading Urdu Literature and News

Reading Urdu books, newspapers, and online articles can expand your vocabulary and improve your reading comprehension.

Rekhta: As mentioned earlier, Rekhta offers a vast collection of Urdu literature.
BBC Urdu: Read news and articles in Urdu on the BBC Urdu website.
Dawn News: An English-language Pakistani newspaper with an Urdu section.

4.4. Following Urdu Social Media Accounts

Follow Urdu-speaking celebrities, influencers, and news outlets on social media to stay updated with the latest trends and language usage.

Twitter: Follow Urdu news outlets and public figures on Twitter.
Instagram: Follow Urdu-speaking celebrities and influencers on Instagram.
Facebook: Join Urdu language learning groups and follow Urdu news pages.

4.5. Cooking Urdu Cuisine

Learn to cook traditional Urdu dishes by following recipes in Urdu. This can help you learn food-related vocabulary and cultural practices.

YouTube Channels: Many YouTube channels offer Urdu cooking tutorials.
Online Recipe Websites: Search for Urdu recipe websites and try cooking some of the dishes.
Cookbooks: Buy or borrow Urdu cookbooks and follow the recipes.

Chicken Tikka Masala, a popular dish in Urdu cuisine, reflects the culinary traditions and flavors of the region, offering a delicious way to learn about the culture through food.

5. What Are Some Effective Strategies for Memorizing Urdu Vocabulary?

Memorizing vocabulary is a crucial part of learning any language. Here are some effective strategies for building your Urdu vocabulary.

5.1. Using Flashcards

Create flashcards with Urdu words on one side and their English translations on the other. Review them regularly using spaced repetition.

Physical Flashcards: Use index cards and write the Urdu word on one side and the English translation on the other.
Digital Flashcards: Apps like Anki and Memrise allow you to create and review digital flashcards.
Spaced Repetition: Review flashcards at increasing intervals to reinforce memory.

5.2. Learning Words in Context

Learn new words in the context of sentences rather than in isolation. This can help you understand their meaning and usage better.

Read Example Sentences: Look up example sentences in a dictionary or online.
Create Your Own Sentences: Write your own sentences using the new words.
Use a Language Learning Journal: Record new words and their context in a journal.

5.3. Using Mnemonics

Create memorable associations or stories to help you remember new words.

Visual Mnemonics: Create a mental image that connects the Urdu word with its English translation.
Rhyming Mnemonics: Use rhymes to remember new words.
Story Mnemonics: Create a short story that incorporates the new word.

5.4. Grouping Words by Theme

Organize vocabulary into thematic categories, such as food, travel, or family. This can help you remember related words more easily.

Create Thematic Lists: Make lists of words related to specific topics.
Use Mind Maps: Create mind maps to visually organize thematic vocabulary.
Label Objects: Label objects in your home with their Urdu names.

5.5. Reviewing Regularly

Regularly review your vocabulary to reinforce your memory. Use spaced repetition techniques to optimize your review schedule.

Set Review Reminders: Use a calendar or app to remind you to review your vocabulary.
Vary Your Review Methods: Use different methods, such as flashcards, quizzes, and writing exercises, to keep your reviews engaging.
Review in Context: Review vocabulary in the context of sentences and articles.

6. How Can I Learn Urdu Grammar for Free?

Understanding Urdu grammar is essential for constructing correct sentences and expressing yourself clearly.

6.1. Online Grammar Resources

Several websites and online resources offer free Urdu grammar lessons.

LEARNS.EDU.VN: Explore LEARNS.EDU.VN for comprehensive articles and tutorials on Urdu grammar, providing a structured approach to mastering the language’s syntax and rules.
UrduPod101: Although it has a subscription model, UrduPod101 offers free grammar lessons.
YouTube Channels: Channels like “Learn Urdu” provide grammar tutorials.

6.2. Grammar Books and PDFs

Many grammar books and PDF resources are available online for free.

Internet Archive: This digital library has a collection of Urdu grammar books that you can borrow or download.
Google Books: Search for Urdu grammar books on Google Books and read them online for free.
University Websites: Some university websites offer free Urdu grammar resources.

6.3. Interactive Grammar Exercises

Practice Urdu grammar through interactive exercises and quizzes.

Duolingo: Duolingo’s Urdu course includes grammar exercises.
Online Quizzes: Search for Urdu grammar quizzes online and test your knowledge.
Workbooks: Use Urdu grammar workbooks to practice grammar rules.

6.4. Analyzing Urdu Texts

Analyze Urdu texts to identify grammar patterns and sentence structures.

Choose Appropriate Texts: Start with simple texts, such as children’s stories or news articles.
Identify Grammar Elements: Identify nouns, verbs, adjectives, and other grammar elements.
Diagram Sentences: Diagram sentences to understand their structure.

6.5. Practicing Writing in Urdu

Practice writing in Urdu to reinforce your grammar knowledge.

Start with Simple Sentences: Write simple sentences using basic grammar rules.
Write Paragraphs: Write paragraphs on familiar topics.
Seek Feedback: Ask native speakers to review your writing and provide feedback.

7. How Can I Improve My Urdu Pronunciation for Free?

Accurate pronunciation is crucial for effective communication. Here are some free methods to improve your Urdu pronunciation.

7.1. Listening to Native Speakers

Listen to native Urdu speakers as much as possible. Pay attention to their pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm.

Watch Urdu Movies and TV Shows: Watch Urdu movies and TV shows and pay attention to the actors’ pronunciation.
Listen to Urdu Music: Listen to Urdu songs and try to imitate the singers’ pronunciation.
Listen to Urdu Podcasts: Listen to Urdu podcasts and audio lessons.

7.2. Using Online Pronunciation Guides

Use online pronunciation guides to learn how to pronounce Urdu sounds correctly.

Forvo: A website with audio pronunciations of words in many languages, including Urdu.
YouTube Channels: Channels like “Learn Urdu” offer pronunciation tutorials.
UrduPod101: UrduPod101 includes audio pronunciations of vocabulary and phrases.

7.3. Recording Yourself Speaking Urdu

Record yourself speaking Urdu and compare your pronunciation with that of native speakers.

Use a Smartphone: Use the voice recorder app on your smartphone to record yourself.
Online Voice Recorders: Use websites like Vocaroo to record and share audio online.
Compare with Native Speakers: Listen to native speakers and compare their pronunciation with your own.

7.4. Practicing Minimal Pairs

Practice minimal pairs, which are words that differ by only one sound. This can help you distinguish between similar sounds in Urdu.

Identify Minimal Pairs: Find pairs of Urdu words that differ by only one sound.
Listen and Repeat: Listen to native speakers pronounce the minimal pairs and try to imitate their pronunciation.
Record Yourself: Record yourself pronouncing the minimal pairs and compare your pronunciation with that of native speakers.

7.5. Using a Mirror to Observe Mouth Movements

Use a mirror to observe your mouth movements while speaking Urdu. Compare your mouth movements with those of native speakers.

Watch Native Speakers: Watch native speakers speaking Urdu and pay attention to their mouth movements.
Practice in Front of a Mirror: Practice speaking Urdu in front of a mirror and observe your mouth movements.
Adjust Your Movements: Adjust your mouth movements to match those of native speakers.

8. What Are Some Common Mistakes to Avoid When Learning Urdu?

Avoiding common mistakes can save you time and frustration in your Urdu learning journey.

8.1. Neglecting the Urdu Script

The Urdu script is an essential part of the language. Neglecting to learn it can hinder your progress.

Learn the Alphabet: Start by learning the Urdu alphabet and how to write each letter.
Practice Writing: Practice writing Urdu words and sentences regularly.
Read Urdu Texts: Read Urdu books, newspapers, and online articles.

8.2. Ignoring Pronunciation

Ignoring pronunciation can lead to misunderstandings and make it difficult for native speakers to understand you.

Listen to Native Speakers: Listen to native Urdu speakers as much as possible.
Practice Pronunciation: Practice pronouncing Urdu words and phrases regularly.
Seek Feedback: Ask native speakers to evaluate your pronunciation and provide feedback.

8.3. Relying Too Much on Translation

Relying too much on translation can prevent you from thinking in Urdu and developing fluency.

Think in Urdu: Try to think in Urdu as much as possible.
Use an Urdu Dictionary: Use an Urdu dictionary to look up new words and phrases.
Avoid Translating Word for Word: Avoid translating sentences word for word from your native language.

8.4. Not Practicing Regularly

Not practicing regularly can lead to forgetting what you’ve learned and slowing your progress.

Set a Study Schedule: Set a study schedule and stick to it.
Practice Every Day: Practice Urdu every day, even if it’s only for a few minutes.
Make It a Habit: Make Urdu learning a habit.

8.5. Being Afraid to Make Mistakes

Being afraid to make mistakes can prevent you from practicing and improving your Urdu skills.

Embrace Mistakes: Embrace mistakes as a part of the learning process.
Don’t Be Afraid to Speak: Don’t be afraid to speak Urdu, even if you make mistakes.
Learn from Your Mistakes: Learn from your mistakes and try to avoid making them again.

9. How Can I Stay Motivated While Learning Urdu for Free?

Staying motivated is crucial for long-term success. Here are some tips to keep you inspired on your Urdu learning journey.

9.1. Setting Clear Goals

Set clear, achievable goals to give yourself a sense of purpose and direction.

Define Your Objectives: Define your short-term, medium-term, and long-term goals.
Make Your Goals Specific: Make your goals specific and measurable.
Review Your Goals Regularly: Review your goals regularly to stay focused.

9.2. Celebrating Small Victories

Celebrate small victories to stay motivated and track your progress.

Reward Yourself: Reward yourself when you achieve a goal.
Track Your Progress: Track your progress and celebrate your achievements.
Share Your Successes: Share your successes with others.

9.3. Finding a Learning Community

Connect with other Urdu learners for support and encouragement.

Join Online Forums: Join online forums and social media groups for Urdu learners.
Find a Language Partner: Find a language partner to practice speaking with.
Attend Language Events: Attend Urdu language events in your community.

9.4. Making Learning Fun

Make learning Urdu fun and engaging to stay motivated.

Watch Urdu Movies and TV Shows: Watch Urdu movies and TV shows.
Listen to Urdu Music: Listen to Urdu music.
Read Urdu Literature: Read Urdu books, newspapers, and online articles.

9.5. Reminding Yourself of the Benefits

Remind yourself of the benefits of learning Urdu to stay motivated.

Cultural Enrichment: Learning Urdu can enrich your understanding of Urdu culture.
Career Opportunities: Urdu language skills can open up career opportunities.
Personal Growth: Learning a new language can be a rewarding and fulfilling experience.

10. What Are Some Advanced Techniques for Mastering Urdu?

Once you have a solid foundation, you can explore advanced techniques to further enhance your Urdu skills.

10.1. Reading Classical Urdu Literature

Reading classical Urdu literature can expose you to rich vocabulary and complex sentence structures.

Choose Appropriate Texts: Start with relatively accessible classical texts.
Use a Dictionary: Use an Urdu dictionary to look up unfamiliar words.
Analyze the Language: Analyze the language and grammar used in the texts.

10.2. Studying Urdu Poetry

Studying Urdu poetry can improve your understanding of the language’s nuances and cultural significance.

Learn About Poetic Forms: Learn about different forms of Urdu poetry, such as ghazals and nazms.
Analyze Poetic Devices: Analyze poetic devices, such as metaphors and similes.
Memorize Poems: Memorize Urdu poems to improve your pronunciation and vocabulary.

10.3. Watching Urdu News and Documentaries

Watching Urdu news and documentaries can improve your listening comprehension and vocabulary related to current events and social issues.

Choose Reputable Sources: Choose reputable news sources, such as BBC Urdu and Dawn News.
Take Notes: Take notes on new vocabulary and concepts.
Discuss What You’ve Learned: Discuss what you’ve learned with other Urdu learners or native speakers.

10.4. Engaging in Formal Urdu Debates

Participating in formal Urdu debates can improve your speaking skills and ability to articulate your thoughts clearly and persuasively.

Find Debate Opportunities: Look for opportunities to participate in Urdu debates.
Prepare Your Arguments: Prepare your arguments in advance.
Practice Speaking: Practice speaking Urdu regularly.

10.5. Writing Urdu Essays and Articles

Writing Urdu essays and articles can improve your writing skills and ability to express your ideas effectively.

Choose Topics You’re Interested In: Choose topics that you’re interested in.
Research Your Topics: Research your topics thoroughly.
Seek Feedback: Ask native speakers to review your writing and provide feedback.

Urdu calligraphy, with its artistic and flowing script, represents a sophisticated form of language mastery and cultural expression, highlighting the beauty of the written word.

Learning Urdu for free is entirely possible with dedication and the right resources. By utilizing free online platforms, creating a structured learning plan, practicing speaking regularly, and immersing yourself in the Urdu language and culture, you can achieve fluency without spending any money. Embrace the journey, stay motivated, and enjoy the rich cultural experience that learning Urdu offers. Don’t forget to visit LEARNS.EDU.VN for more detailed guides and resources to support your language learning journey.

For further information and educational resources, visit us at 123 Education Way, Learnville, CA 90210, United States. You can also reach us via Whatsapp at +1 555-555-1212, or through our website: LEARNS.EDU.VN.

FAQ: How Can I Learn Urdu for Free?

1. Is it really possible to learn Urdu for free?

Yes, it is absolutely possible to learn Urdu for free. Many free online resources, language exchange programs, and community initiatives can help you acquire Urdu language skills without spending any money.

2. What are the best free online resources for learning Urdu?

Some of the best free online resources for learning Urdu include:

learns.edu.vn (for curated articles and resources)
LingoHut (125 free lessons focused on vocabulary and pronunciation)
Duolingo (gamified Urdu course)
Memrise (flashcards and spaced repetition)
YouTube channels like “Learn Urdu with UrduPod101” and “Daily Urdu”

3. How can I create a structured learning plan for Urdu?

To create a structured learning plan:

Set realistic goals (short-term, medium-term, long-term).
Break down the curriculum into manageable topics (grammar, vocabulary, conversation skills).
Create a study schedule and allocate specific times for studying.
Track your progress and make adjustments as needed.

4. How can I practice speaking Urdu for free?

You can practice speaking Urdu for free by:

Finding language exchange partners through apps like HelloTalk and Tandem.
Joining online language communities and participating in discussions.
Recording yourself speaking Urdu and listening back to identify areas for improvement.
Shadowing native speakers by imitating their pronunciation and intonation.
Utilizing voice chat apps like WhatsApp and Skype to converse with native speakers.

5. What are some effective strategies for memorizing Urdu vocabulary?

Effective strategies for memorizing Urdu vocabulary include:

Using flashcards with spaced repetition.
Learning words in context rather than in isolation.
Using mnemonics to create memorable associations.
Grouping words by theme to remember related words more easily.
Reviewing regularly to reinforce your memory.

6. How can I improve my Urdu pronunciation for free?

To improve your Urdu pronunciation:

Listen to native speakers as much as possible.
Use online pronunciation guides like Forvo and YouTube tutorials.
Record yourself speaking Urdu and compare your pronunciation with that of native speakers.
Practice minimal pairs to distinguish between similar sounds.
Use a mirror to observe your mouth movements while speaking.

7. What are some common mistakes to avoid when learning Urdu?

Common mistakes to avoid include:

Neglecting the Urdu script.
Ignoring pronunciation.
Relying too much on translation.
Not practicing regularly.
Being afraid to make mistakes.

8. How can I stay motivated while learning Urdu for free?

To stay motivated:

Set clear goals and remind yourself of the benefits of learning Urdu.
Celebrate small victories and track your progress.
Find a learning community for support and encouragement.
Make learning fun by watching movies, listening to music, and reading literature.

9. Can immersing myself in Urdu culture help me learn the language faster?

Yes, immersing yourself in Urdu culture is a powerful way to accelerate your language learning. By watching Urdu movies and TV shows, listening to Urdu music, reading Urdu literature and news, and cooking Urdu cuisine, you can make the learning process more enjoyable and effective.

10. Are there any advanced techniques for mastering Urdu?

Advanced techniques for mastering Urdu include:

Reading classical Urdu literature.
Studying Urdu poetry.
Watching Urdu news and documentaries.
Engaging in formal Urdu debates.
Writing Urdu essays and articles.