**How Do You Learn To Trade Stocks Successfully In 2024?**

How Do You Learn To Trade Stocks? Learning how to trade stocks involves understanding the market, choosing a brokerage, researching stocks, and managing risk, and LEARNS.EDU.VN provides the resources you need to get started. Trading stocks can be rewarding, but it requires education, practice, and discipline.

At LEARNS.EDU.VN, we can provide you with the necessary resources and guidance for financial literacy, investment strategies, and stock market analysis that you need for this goal.

1. Understand The Basics Of The Stock Market

Before diving into trading, it’s essential to grasp the fundamental concepts of the stock market. This involves understanding what stocks are, how the market operates, and the factors that influence stock prices.

What Are Stocks?

Stocks, also known as equities, represent ownership in a company. When you buy a stock, you are purchasing a share of the company’s assets and future earnings. This ownership entitles you to certain rights, such as voting on company matters and receiving dividends if the company distributes profits. According to a study by the University of California, investing in stocks has historically provided higher returns compared to other asset classes, but it also comes with higher risk.

How Does The Stock Market Work?

The stock market is a platform where buyers and sellers come together to trade shares of publicly listed companies. It operates through exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Nasdaq. These exchanges facilitate the buying and selling of stocks by matching orders from investors. The prices of stocks are determined by supply and demand, reflecting the collective sentiment of investors regarding the company’s future prospects.

Factors That Influence Stock Prices

Numerous factors can influence stock prices, including company performance, economic conditions, and market sentiment.

  • Company Performance: A company’s financial health, revenue growth, and profitability directly impact its stock price. Positive earnings reports and strategic decisions can drive the stock price up, while negative news can cause it to decline.
  • Economic Conditions: Macroeconomic factors such as interest rates, inflation, and GDP growth can affect the overall stock market. For example, rising interest rates can make borrowing more expensive for companies, potentially slowing down growth and negatively impacting stock prices.
  • Market Sentiment: Investor psychology and market trends play a significant role in stock prices. Positive news and optimistic forecasts can lead to increased buying pressure, driving prices up, while negative news and pessimistic outlooks can cause selling pressure and price declines.

Key Market Participants

Understanding the roles of different participants in the stock market can provide valuable insights into market dynamics.

Participant Role
Individual Investors Buy and sell stocks for their personal accounts, contributing to market liquidity and price discovery.
Institutional Investors Manage large sums of money on behalf of clients, such as pension funds, mutual funds, and hedge funds.
Market Makers Provide liquidity by quoting buy and sell prices for specific stocks, ensuring that trades can be executed efficiently.
Regulators Oversee the stock market to ensure fair practices and protect investors from fraud and manipulation.

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Role in Stock Market Education

LEARNS.EDU.VN offers extensive resources to help beginners understand the basics of the stock market. Through detailed articles, instructional videos, and interactive courses, you can gain a solid foundation in stock market principles. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to explore these resources and start your journey toward becoming a knowledgeable stock trader.

2. Choose A Trading Style That Suits You

Different trading styles cater to various preferences, risk tolerances, and time commitments. Selecting a trading style that aligns with your personality and lifestyle is crucial for long-term success.

Day Trading

Day trading involves buying and selling stocks within the same day, aiming to profit from short-term price fluctuations. Day traders typically close out all positions by the end of the trading day to avoid overnight risks. This style requires a high level of attention, quick decision-making skills, and a strong understanding of technical analysis.

  • Holding Period: Intraday (positions closed by the end of the trading day)
  • Time Commitment: High
  • Relative Risk and Volatility: High

Swing Trading

Swing trading involves holding positions for several days to a few weeks, aiming to capture short- to medium-term trends. Swing traders use technical analysis to identify potential entry and exit points. This style requires less time commitment than day trading but still involves active market monitoring.

  • Holding Period: Days to a few weeks or months
  • Time Commitment: Moderate
  • Relative Risk and Volatility: Moderate

Position Trading (Long-Term Trading)

Position trading, also known as long-term trading, involves holding stocks for several months, years, or even decades. Position traders focus on long-term trends and may base their decisions on fundamental and technical analyses. This style requires patience, a long-term outlook, and less frequent trading activity.

  • Holding Period: Several months, years, or decades
  • Time Commitment: Low
  • Relative Risk and Volatility: Low to moderate

Comparing Trading Styles

Trading Style Holding Period Time Commitment Risk Level Analysis Focus
Day Trading Intraday High High Technical Analysis
Swing Trading Days to a few weeks or months Moderate Moderate Technical and Fundamental
Position Trading Several months, years, or decades Low Low to Moderate Fundamental Analysis

Adapting Your Trading Style

Your preferred trading style may evolve as you gain experience and knowledge or as your life circumstances change. Staying flexible and adapting your approach based on market conditions and personal preferences is essential.

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Resources for Choosing A Trading Style

LEARNS.EDU.VN offers personalized assessments and resources to help you determine the most suitable trading style for you. By evaluating your risk tolerance, time availability, and investment goals, LEARNS.EDU.VN provides customized recommendations and educational content to guide you in your trading journey. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to take advantage of these tools and find the trading style that best fits your needs.

3. Research Brokerages And Choose One Suitable For You

After deciding on your trading style, you need to find a good online broker and open an account. You’ll want a platform that caters to your needs. Brokerages have different features and tools, and some are more suitable for your type of trading than others.

Brokerages For Day Traders

A platform with quick speeds (low latency), real-time data, and advanced charting abilities is a must for day traders. These traders often require tools like Level 2 quotes that provide detailed liquidity information about the order book and hotkeys for rapid ordering.

They may also offer automated or algorithmic trading options, triggers, and technical indicators. Customizable platforms like Interactive Brokers, TradeStation, and thinkorswim are popular among day traders.

Brokerages For Swing Traders

Swing and position traders should look for a platform with a wide range of indicators, research resources, fundamental analysis tools, and risk management features. These traders may also benefit from a platform that offers mobile trading apps that allow them to monitor their positions and trade on the go.

Brokers like Charles Schwab, Fidelity, Robinhood, and E*TRADE are well-suited for swing and position traders because they provide a balance of research tools, user-friendly platforms, and competitive prices, typically with commission-free trading in most stocks and exchange-traded funds.

Brokerages For Long-Term Investors

A brokerage with a strong educational component and user-friendly interface is likely the best choice for long-term investors or those new to trading. Robo-advisors like Betterment and Wealthfront can be good options for those who prefer a more automated approach to their portfolio. These platforms use algorithms to create and manage diversified portfolios based on the investor’s risk tolerance and goals.

Search for online brokers and trading platforms for a more comprehensive discussion of the best brokerage platforms for different kinds of trading.

Key Features to Look For

  • Commission Fees: Compare the commission fees charged by different brokerages. Some offer commission-free trading, while others charge a fee per trade.
  • Platform and Tools: Evaluate the trading platform’s user-friendliness, charting tools, and analytical resources. Ensure that the platform offers the features and tools necessary for your trading style.
  • Customer Support: Check the availability and responsiveness of customer support. A reliable customer support team can assist you with any technical issues or account-related queries.
  • Educational Resources: Look for brokerages that provide educational resources such as articles, tutorials, and webinars. These resources can help you expand your knowledge and improve your trading skills.

Using Demo Accounts

Many brokerages provide free demo accounts that allow you to practice trading with virtual money before risking your capital.

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Brokerage Selection Tools

LEARNS.EDU.VN offers comprehensive comparison tools to help you evaluate different brokerages and find the one that best suits your needs. These tools provide detailed information on fees, platforms, customer support, and educational resources. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to compare brokerages and make an informed decision.

4. Open And Fund A Brokerage Account

It’s time to open and fund an account after you’ve chosen a platform that suits your trading style and needs. The process is straightforward and can be accomplished in minutes.

Steps To Open An Account

  1. Provide your personal information: You must supply your name, address, date of birth, Social Security number, and other basic personal information. This is required by law to verify your identity and prevent fraud so you can’t avoid doing so by going elsewhere.

  2. Choose your account type: Brokerages offer several account types, such as individual taxable accounts, joint accounts, and individual retirement accounts (IRAs) like traditional and Roth IRAs. Select the account type that best fits your trading goals and tax situation.

  3. Complete the application: Fill out the online application. It may include additional questions about your employment status, income, net worth, and trading experience. This helps brokerages follow regulations and assess your risk tolerance. The information may also be used when you’re applying for account features such as margin (borrowing to trade) and options. Be sure to read and agree to the brokerage’s terms and conditions that outline the services provided, fees, and your rights and responsibilities as a client.

  4. Fund your account: You must deposit money before you can begin trading. It may take a few days for the funds to become available for trading after you’ve funded your account. The delay depends on the funding method and your brokerage’s policies. Most brokerages offer several options to fund your account:

    • Bank transfer: Link your checking or savings account to your account and initiate an ACH transfer. The funds will generally appear in your account within a few days.
    • Wire transfer: You can send a wire transfer from your bank to your brokerage account to get trading faster. Wire transfers are usually cleared the same or the next business day but there’s often an extra fee.
    • Check deposit: Some brokerages allow you to mail a physical check to fund your account. Keep in mind this is the slowest way to fund your account.

Minimum Balance Requirements

Ensure that you understand the minimum balance requirements and any maintenance fees associated with your account. Some brokerages require a minimum initial deposit or they charge fees if your balance falls below a certain amount.

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Guidance On Account Setup

LEARNS.EDU.VN provides step-by-step guides and tutorials on opening and funding a brokerage account. These resources cover various account types and funding methods, helping you navigate the process smoothly. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN for detailed instructions and tips on setting up your trading account.

5. Research The Stocks You Want To Own

You should research the stocks you’re interested in before you begin investing. This involves analyzing the company’s fundamentals and the stock’s price as it moves over time. Combining fundamental and technical analysis will give you far more confidence when you’re finally diving in.

Fundamental Analysis

Fundamental analysis best suits position traders and long-term investors. It involves evaluating a company’s financial health, competitive position, and growth prospects. Review each company’s financial statements to assess its profitability, debt levels, and liquidity.

Look for companies with consistent and growing earnings over time because this can indicate a robust business model and effective management. Learn a bit about the company’s industry and its position as you narrow your list of potential investments. What’s its market share? Is this a sector set for growth? Don’t forget to research the company’s management team and track record.

Key Financial Metrics

Metric Description
Earnings Per Share (EPS) Indicates a company’s profitability by dividing net income by the number of outstanding shares.
Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E) Measures the relationship between a company’s stock price and its earnings per share, indicating its valuation.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio (D/E) Measures a company’s financial leverage by comparing its total debt to its shareholder equity.
Return on Equity (ROE) Measures a company’s profitability by calculating the return generated on shareholders’ equity.

Technical Analysis

Day traders and swing traders often use technical analysis. This involves studying past prices and volume data to identify trends and patterns indicating future price moves. You might look for recognizable chart patterns such as head and shoulders, triangles, and wedges.

These price patterns reflect the behavior of market participants and can help signal potential trend reversals or continuations. Moving averages can help identify trends and potential support and resistance levels. You would employ oscillators such as the relative strength index and stochastic oscillator to gauge momentum and identify when a stock is set to rise or fall. Many platforms provide these technical analysis tools.

Common Technical Indicators

Indicator Description
Moving Averages Smooth out price data to identify trends and potential support and resistance levels.
Relative Strength Index (RSI) Measures the magnitude of recent price changes to evaluate overbought or oversold conditions in the market.
MACD A trend-following momentum indicator that shows the relationship between two moving averages of a stock’s price.
Fibonacci Retracement Used to identify potential support and resistance levels based on Fibonacci ratios.

Other Methods

Research and analysis is an ongoing endeavor. You may want to refine your research methods and develop a more personalized approach to stock selection as you gain experience and knowledge. It’s also important to regularly review and assess your portfolio to ensure it aligns with your trading goals and risk tolerance.

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Analysis Tools and Resources

LEARNS.EDU.VN provides extensive research resources and tools to help you analyze stocks and make informed trading decisions. These include stock screeners, fundamental and technical data, market news, and educational content. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to access these resources and enhance your stock analysis skills.

6. Place Your Order To Buy Or Sell Stocks

It’s time to place orders with your brokerage when you’ve developed a trading plan and researched a range of stocks. You’ll have to specify the stock ticker symbol, the number of shares you want to trade, and the type of order you want to use when you’re placing an order.

Types of Orders

  • Market orders: These are the simplest type. You ask your brokerage to buy or sell a stock at the best available price. Market orders are quick so you can be sure your trade will go through. But, you can get an unfavorable price, especially during periods of high activity or with stocks that don’t trade frequently. Market orders are best used when you want to make a trade quickly and you’re willing to accept the present market price.
  • Limit orders: You set the maximum price you’re willing to pay for a stock with these orders if you’re buying or the minimum price you’re willing to accept if you’re selling. Limit orders give you more control over the execution price but they don’t guarantee your order will be filled. Your order won’t go through if the stock never reaches your limit price. Use limit orders when you have a specific price in mind and want to wait for the market to reach that level.
  • Stop orders: These are triggered when a stock reaches a specific price known as the stop price. The order becomes a market order and is filled at the next available price when the stop price is reached. Stop orders can limit losses on a trade or protect profits should your stock start to fall. Your order could be filled at a price significantly different from your stop price, however, in fast-moving markets.

Order Modifications and Cancellations

You may be able to cancel or modify your order before it’s executed, such as by changing the limit price or number of shares. But keep in mind that your order may be filled in fast-moving markets before you can do so.

Time-In-Force

You must also specify the time in force when you’re placing your order. This is how long it’s active. This table provides the most common options, along with their abbreviations, that are offered by the best online brokers:

Time-in-Force Expiration
Day Order Expires at the end of the trading day if not executed
Good-’til-Canceled (GTC) Remains active until it is either executed or canceled by you
Immediate-or-Cancel (IOC) Must be filled immediately and any unfilled portion will be canceled.
All-or-None (AON) Must be filled in its entirety or not at all.
Fill-or-Kill (FOK) Must be filled immediately and in its entirety or it will be canceled.(Combines IOC and AON)
Market on Open (MOO) A market order filled as close as possible to the stock’s opening price; filled at the opening of the trading day
Market on Close (MOC) A market order filled as close as possible to the stock’s closing price; filled at the day’s close

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Order Placement Tutorials

LEARNS.EDU.VN offers detailed tutorials and step-by-step guides on placing different types of orders. These resources provide clear instructions and examples to help you execute trades accurately and efficiently. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to learn more about order placement strategies.

7. Manage Risk

You must manage your risk when you’re finally up and running and real money is at stake. This involves identifying, assessing, and ranking potential risks to minimize their impact on your portfolio. You can protect your hard-earned capital, limit losses, and improve your trading performance by implementing effective risk management strategies.

Risk Management Techniques

  • Diversification: Spread your investments across stocks, sectors, and asset classes. You can reduce the impact of an investment’s performance on your overall portfolio by diversifying. This is especially important for long-term investors but keep in mind that diversification doesn’t guarantee profits or eliminate the risk of loss.
  • Emotional discipline: Don’t underestimate the importance of emotional control when it comes to managing risk. Fear and greed can significantly affect your trading decisions. Fear can have you exiting a position too early and greed can cause you to hold onto a losing stock long after hope for a recovery is gone. You can make more rational decisions and avoid impulsive trades by managing your emotions and sticking to your trading plan.
  • Hedging: For more advanced traders, this involves investing in a position to offset the risks they’re taking with another trade should the price not move as you expect. It’s suited to more advanced traders. You could buy a put option to protect against a potential decline in the price if you own a stock. Hedging can be complex and involves certain costs but it can be quite effective in managing risk.
  • Position sizing: This refers to the number of shares or contracts you trade compared to your account size. Proper position sizing helps you control your risk exposure and avoid putting too many eggs in one basket. A general rule of thumb is to risk no more than 1% to 2% of your account on any single trade.
  • Risk/reward ratio: This compares the potential profit from a trade to the potential loss. A common risk/reward ratio is 1:2: You risk $1 to potentially earn $2. Maintaining a favorable ratio ensures that your winning trades are larger than your losing ones and this helps you achieve overall profits.
  • Stop-loss orders: These critical risk management tools automatically close your position if the stock price reaches a preset level. You can limit your potential losses and protect your capital by setting a stop-loss. Consider the stock’s volatility, support and resistance levels, and your risk tolerance when you’re placing one. A trailing stop adjusts automatically as the stock price moves in your favor so you can lock in profits while still limiting potential losses. It moves up with it as the stock price rises, maintaining a fixed distance from the current price. Your position will close, securing your gains, if the stock price reverses and hits the trailing stop-loss.

Adapting Risk Management Strategies

Risk management is an ongoing process that should be regularly reviewed and adjusted. You can adapt your strategies as your trading skills, life circumstances, and economic conditions change. Prioritizing risk management is a must to protect your capital, minimize losses, and increase your chances of long-term success.

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Risk Management Education

LEARNS.EDU.VN provides comprehensive education on risk management techniques and strategies. Through detailed articles, case studies, and interactive tools, you can learn how to identify, assess, and mitigate risks in your trading activities. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to access these resources and enhance your risk management skills.

Are There Main Differences Between Trading And Investing?

Investors are generally long-term, buy-and-hold market participants. Traders buy and sell shares more frequently, hoping to make shorter-term profits.

Key Differences

Feature Trading Investing
Time Horizon Short-term (days to months) Long-term (years to decades)
Frequency Frequent buying and selling Less frequent buying and holding
Analysis Focus Technical analysis Fundamental analysis
Goal Short-term profits from price swings Long-term growth and wealth accumulation

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Insights on Trading vs. Investing

LEARNS.EDU.VN offers valuable insights and resources on the differences between trading and investing. By understanding the nuances of each approach, you can make informed decisions about your investment strategies. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to explore these resources and determine the best approach for your financial goals.

What Are Some Common Trading Strategies?

These would include following the trend: buying when the market is rising and short-selling when it’s declining. Contrarian trading, or going against the herd, scalping, and trading the news are also common strategies.

Popular Trading Strategies

Strategy Description
Trend Following Buying assets when their price is trending upward and selling when the price is trending downward.
Contrarian Trading Buying assets when the market is pessimistic and selling when the market is optimistic.
Scalping Making small profits from minor price changes by executing a large number of trades in a short period.
News Trading Making trades based on market reactions to news events and economic announcements.
Breakout Trading Buying assets when their price breaks above a resistance level or selling when the price falls below support
Range Trading Buying assets at support levels and selling them at resistance levels within a defined price range.

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Guides on Trading Strategies

LEARNS.EDU.VN provides detailed guides and tutorials on various trading strategies. These resources cover the principles, techniques, and risk management aspects of each strategy, helping you implement them effectively. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to explore these guides and enhance your trading skills.

Is Technical Analysis Or Fundamental Analysis More Important In Trading?

Technical analysis looks at the short-term picture and can help you to identify short-term trading patterns and trends so it’s ordinarily better suited to trading than fundamental analysis, which takes a longer-term view.

Choosing the Right Analysis

Analysis Type Time Horizon Focus Best Suited For
Technical Analysis Short-term Price patterns and trends Day and Swing Traders
Fundamental Analysis Long-term Company financial health Position Traders

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Comprehensive Analysis Resources

LEARNS.EDU.VN offers comprehensive resources on both technical and fundamental analysis. By mastering these analytical techniques, you can make informed trading decisions and improve your performance. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to access these resources and enhance your analysis skills.

What Are The Traits Of A Successful Trader?

Discipline and mental fortitude are key in addition to knowledge and experience. You need discipline because you’re most often better off sticking to your trading strategy should you face challenges. Small losses can turn into huge ones without this.

Mental fortitude is required in every trader’s field to bounce back from the inevitable setbacks and lousy trading days.

Trading acumen is another trait necessary for success but it can be developed over the years as you gain knowledge and experience.

Essential Traits for Success

Trait Description
Discipline Sticking to your trading plan and risk management rules, even in the face of challenges.
Mental Fortitude Bouncing back from setbacks and maintaining a positive attitude despite losses.
Knowledge Understanding market dynamics, trading strategies, and risk management techniques.
Experience Learning from past trades and continuously improving your skills through practice.
Emotional Control Managing emotions and avoiding impulsive decisions.
Adaptability Adjusting your strategies based on market conditions and personal circumstances.

LEARNS.EDU.VN’s Resources for Trader Development

LEARNS.EDU.VN provides resources to help you develop the essential traits for successful trading. These include articles, tutorials, and interactive tools designed to improve your discipline, mental fortitude, and emotional control. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN to access these resources and enhance your trading skills.

The Bottom Line

Start your trading journey by bringing yourself up to speed on the financial markets. Then dive into company fundamentals, read charts, and watch the prices to see if they meet your expectations. Test these strategies with demo accounts to practice trading then analyze the results and make adjustments. You can research stocks after that and pick a brokerage to begin your first trades. That brings you to the beginning, not the end, of your investing journey.

Continuous Learning and Adaptation

Becoming a successful stock trader is an ongoing journey that requires continuous learning and adaptation. Staying informed about market trends, refining your strategies, and managing your risk are essential for long-term success.

Disclosure: Investopedia does not provide investment advice. The information is presented without consideration of the investment objectives, risk tolerance, or financial circumstances of any specific investor, and might not be suitable for all investors. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal.

Your Next Steps with LEARNS.EDU.VN

Ready to take your stock trading skills to the next level? Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN today to explore our comprehensive resources, personalized guidance, and expert insights. Whether you’re just starting or looking to refine your strategies, LEARNS.EDU.VN provides the tools and support you need to succeed. Discover how LEARNS.EDU.VN can transform your trading journey and help you achieve your financial goals.

Address: 123 Education Way, Learnville, CA 90210, United States

Whatsapp: +1 555-555-1212

Website: LEARNS.EDU.VN

FAQ: Learn To Trade Stocks

  1. How long does it take to learn stock trading?
    • The time it takes to learn stock trading varies depending on your learning style, time commitment, and the depth of knowledge you seek. Some may grasp the basics within a few weeks, while others may take several months to become proficient.
  2. Can I learn to trade stocks on my own?
    • Yes, you can learn to trade stocks on your own through online resources, books, and educational platforms. However, consider seeking guidance from experienced traders or mentors. LEARNS.EDU.VN provides comprehensive resources and expert insights to support your self-directed learning journey.
  3. What is the best way to practice stock trading without risking real money?
    • The best way to practice stock trading without risking real money is by using a demo account provided by many online brokerages. These accounts allow you to trade with virtual money in a simulated market environment, helping you develop your skills and strategies risk-free.
  4. What are the essential skills for stock trading?
    • The essential skills for stock trading include understanding market dynamics, conducting technical and fundamental analysis, managing risk, developing trading strategies, and maintaining emotional discipline.
  5. How much capital do I need to start trading stocks?
    • The amount of capital you need to start trading stocks depends on your trading style, risk tolerance, and the minimum deposit requirements of your brokerage account. Some brokerages allow you to start with as little as $100, while others may require a higher initial deposit.
  6. What are the common mistakes to avoid when starting stock trading?
    • Common mistakes to avoid when starting stock trading include trading without a plan, failing to manage risk, letting emotions drive decisions, and not continuously learning and adapting.
  7. What are the best resources for learning about stock trading?
    • The best resources for learning about stock trading include online courses, educational platforms, books, articles, and financial news websites. LEARNS.EDU.VN offers a wealth of resources to support your learning journey.
  8. How do I choose the right stocks to trade?
    • Choosing the right stocks to trade involves conducting thorough research and analysis. Assess company fundamentals, study technical indicators, monitor market trends, and consider your risk tolerance and investment goals.
  9. How important is risk management in stock trading?
    • Risk management is crucial in stock trading. Effective risk management techniques, such as diversification, position sizing, and stop-loss orders, protect your capital and minimize potential losses.
  10. How can LEARNS.EDU.VN help me learn stock trading?
    • learns.edu.vn offers comprehensive resources, personalized guidance, and expert insights to help you learn stock trading. Our platform provides detailed articles, tutorials, interactive tools, and expert support to enhance your knowledge and skills.

Comments

No comments yet. Why don’t you start the discussion?

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *