Is LinkedIn Learning Free? Your Comprehensive Guide

Is Linkedin Learning Free? Absolutely Discover how you can access valuable skills training and earn certificates without spending a dime. This guide from LEARNS.EDU.VN explores free courses, learning paths, and strategies to maximize your learning experience. Unlock free learning opportunities and elevate your professional development journey with LinkedIn Learning, enhancing your career skills and boosting your online education.

1. Understanding LinkedIn Learning and Its Pricing Model

LinkedIn Learning, a prominent platform for professional development, provides a vast library of courses covering various topics, from business and technology to creative skills. While it operates primarily on a subscription basis, offering users unlimited access to its content for a monthly or annual fee, several avenues allow individuals to access LinkedIn Learning resources for free. Understanding the platform’s pricing model is essential to leverage these opportunities effectively.

The core of LinkedIn Learning is its subscription service. Subscribers gain unrestricted access to thousands of courses, learning paths, and other resources, including expert-led video tutorials, downloadable exercise files, and opportunities to earn certificates of completion. These certificates can then be showcased on LinkedIn profiles, resumes, and other professional platforms, demonstrating acquired skills and expertise to potential employers or clients.

However, the subscription cost can be a barrier for some individuals, especially those who are students, unemployed, or facing financial constraints. Fortunately, LinkedIn Learning offers several ways to access its content without paying for a subscription:

Free Trial: New users are typically offered a one-month free trial of LinkedIn Learning. This trial period provides full access to the platform’s features and content, allowing users to explore the course catalog, take courses, and earn certificates without any financial commitment. It’s an excellent opportunity to experience the benefits of LinkedIn Learning firsthand and determine if a subscription is worth the investment.
Free Courses: While the majority of courses on LinkedIn Learning require a subscription, a selection of courses is available for free. These free courses often cover introductory topics or offer a preview of the platform’s content and teaching style. While they may not provide the same depth or breadth of knowledge as paid courses, they can still be valuable for acquiring new skills or exploring different areas of interest.
Free Learning Paths: In addition to individual courses, LinkedIn Learning also offers free learning paths. These are curated collections of courses designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of a specific topic or skill. Free learning paths typically include a mix of free and paid courses, but users can still gain valuable knowledge and skills by completing the free components.
LinkedIn Premium: Subscribing to LinkedIn Premium can unlock access to LinkedIn Learning. A LinkedIn Premium subscription provides access to other features such as advanced search filters, InMail messaging, and enhanced profile visibility.

By understanding the various access options available, individuals can make informed decisions about how to best utilize LinkedIn Learning to achieve their professional development goals, whether that involves taking advantage of the free trial, exploring free courses and learning paths, or investing in a subscription for unlimited access. Remember to check out LEARNS.EDU.VN for more insights on online learning platforms.

2. Identifying Free LinkedIn Learning Courses and Learning Paths

Finding free courses and learning paths on LinkedIn Learning requires some navigation and awareness of the platform’s offerings. While LinkedIn Learning does not explicitly advertise a comprehensive list of free resources, several methods can be employed to uncover these hidden gems:

Filtering by Price: One of the simplest ways to identify free courses is to use the platform’s search filters. When browsing the course catalog, look for the option to filter by price. Selecting “Free” will display all the courses currently offered without charge.
Exploring Learning Paths: As mentioned earlier, learning paths are curated collections of courses designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of a specific topic or skill. Some learning paths may include a mix of free and paid courses. By browsing the learning path catalog, you can identify paths that contain a significant number of free courses or offer a valuable learning experience even without completing the paid components.
Checking Course Descriptions: Before enrolling in a course, carefully review the course description. This section typically provides information about the course content, learning objectives, and any prerequisites. It may also indicate whether the course is offered for free or requires a subscription.
Utilizing External Resources: Several websites and online communities curate lists of free online courses and learning resources, including those offered on LinkedIn Learning. These external resources can be a valuable source of information for discovering free content that may not be easily found through the platform’s native search features. LEARNS.EDU.VN is an example of such a resource, offering curated lists and reviews of online learning platforms.
Monitoring Promotional Offers: LinkedIn Learning occasionally runs promotional offers that provide free access to specific courses or learning paths for a limited time. These promotions are often announced through email newsletters, social media channels, or the platform’s website. Keeping an eye out for these offers can be a great way to access premium content without paying for a subscription.
Leveraging LinkedIn Premium: Some LinkedIn Premium plans offer access to LinkedIn Learning content as part of their subscription benefits. If you are considering subscribing to LinkedIn Premium for its other features, such as enhanced networking tools or job search resources, be sure to check if it includes access to LinkedIn Learning as well.

By combining these strategies, you can effectively navigate LinkedIn Learning’s vast course catalog and identify the free courses and learning paths that align with your learning goals and interests. Remember to bookmark LEARNS.EDU.VN for regular updates on free learning resources and platform promotions.

3. Maximizing the Benefits of Free LinkedIn Learning Resources

Once you’ve identified free courses and learning paths on LinkedIn Learning, it’s crucial to approach them strategically to maximize your learning experience and achieve your desired outcomes. Here are some tips for making the most of free LinkedIn Learning resources:

Set Clear Learning Goals: Before diving into a course, take some time to define your learning goals. What specific skills or knowledge do you hope to gain from the course? How will you apply what you learn in your personal or professional life? Having clear goals will help you stay focused and motivated throughout the course.
Create a Study Schedule: Just like with any learning endeavor, consistency is key. Create a study schedule that fits your lifestyle and stick to it as much as possible. Allocate specific times each week to dedicate to the course, and treat these sessions as important appointments.
Engage Actively with the Content: Don’t just passively watch the videos or read the transcripts. Engage actively with the content by taking notes, asking questions, and participating in discussions. The more you interact with the material, the better you’ll retain it.
Practice What You Learn: Learning is most effective when it’s applied. Look for opportunities to practice the skills and knowledge you’re acquiring in real-world scenarios. This could involve working on personal projects, volunteering your services, or simply trying out new techniques in your current role.
Seek Feedback and Support: Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you’re struggling. Reach out to the instructor, other students, or your professional network for feedback and support. Sharing your challenges and successes with others can help you stay motivated and gain valuable insights.
Document Your Progress: Keep track of your progress throughout the course. This could involve maintaining a journal, creating a portfolio of your work, or simply noting down key takeaways and insights. Documenting your progress will help you see how far you’ve come and identify areas where you may need to focus your efforts.
Earn Certificates of Completion: Many free courses on LinkedIn Learning offer certificates of completion upon successful completion of the course. These certificates can be a valuable addition to your resume or LinkedIn profile, demonstrating your commitment to professional development.
Share Your Achievements: Don’t be shy about sharing your achievements with your network. Post your certificates on LinkedIn, write a blog post about what you’ve learned, or simply tell your friends and colleagues about your experience. Sharing your achievements can help you build your personal brand and attract new opportunities.

By following these tips, you can transform free LinkedIn Learning resources into a powerful tool for professional development and career advancement. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN for more strategies on effective online learning.

4. The Benefits of LinkedIn Learning Certificates (Even Free Ones)

LinkedIn Learning certificates, even those earned through free courses, can provide numerous benefits for individuals looking to enhance their skills, advance their careers, or simply expand their knowledge. These certificates serve as a tangible validation of your commitment to learning and can be valuable assets in today’s competitive job market.

Demonstrated Skills and Expertise: A LinkedIn Learning certificate demonstrates that you have successfully completed a course and acquired specific skills or knowledge in a particular area. This can be particularly useful when applying for jobs or seeking promotions, as it provides employers with concrete evidence of your capabilities.
Enhanced Credibility and Trust: Earning a certificate from a reputable platform like LinkedIn Learning can enhance your credibility and build trust with potential employers, clients, or collaborators. It shows that you are willing to invest time and effort in developing your skills and staying up-to-date with industry trends.
Improved Job Prospects: In today’s competitive job market, having relevant skills and qualifications is essential for standing out from the crowd. A LinkedIn Learning certificate can give you a competitive edge by showcasing your expertise and demonstrating your commitment to continuous learning.
Increased Earning Potential: Developing new skills and acquiring valuable knowledge can lead to increased earning potential. A LinkedIn Learning certificate can help you qualify for higher-paying jobs or negotiate a better salary in your current role.
Personal Satisfaction and Accomplishment: Earning a certificate can provide a sense of personal satisfaction and accomplishment. It’s a tangible reminder of your hard work and dedication, and it can boost your confidence and motivation to continue learning.
Networking Opportunities: Completing a LinkedIn Learning course can provide opportunities to connect with other learners, instructors, and industry professionals. These connections can be valuable for networking, mentorship, and career advancement.
Professional Development: Even if you’re not actively seeking a new job, a LinkedIn Learning certificate can contribute to your professional development by expanding your knowledge, improving your skills, and keeping you current with industry trends.
Career Transition: If you’re considering a career change, a LinkedIn Learning certificate can help you acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to make a successful transition. It can also demonstrate your commitment to your new career path to potential employers.

While free certificates may not carry the same weight as those earned through paid courses or certifications, they can still be valuable assets for individuals looking to enhance their skills, advance their careers, or simply expand their knowledge. Be sure to showcase your LinkedIn Learning certificates on your resume, LinkedIn profile, and other professional platforms to maximize their impact. For more tips on career development, visit LEARNS.EDU.VN.

5. Comparing LinkedIn Learning to Other Free Learning Platforms

LinkedIn Learning is just one of many online learning platforms that offer free courses and resources. Before committing your time and effort to LinkedIn Learning, it’s worth comparing it to other popular platforms to determine which one best suits your learning needs and preferences. Here’s a brief overview of some alternative options:

Platform	Focus	Free Content	Certificates	Pros	Cons
LinkedIn Learning	Professional Skills, Business, Technology, Creative	Some free courses and learning paths, often introductory or promotional	Certificates of completion are offered for many courses, even free ones, which can be displayed on your LinkedIn profile	High-quality content, industry-recognized certificates, integration with LinkedIn, strong focus on career development	Limited free content compared to other platforms, subscription required for full access
Coursera	Academic, Professional, Variety of Subjects	Auditing option for many courses (access to lectures but no graded assignments or certificate)	Course certificates, Specializations, Professional Certificates, and Degrees (require payment)	Wide range of subjects, partnerships with top universities and institutions, flexible learning options, some financial aid available	Limited free content, graded assignments and certificates require payment, some courses may be too academic for practical skills development
edX	Academic, Professional, Variety of Subjects	Audit track for many courses (access to lectures but no graded assignments or certificate)	Course certificates, Professional Certificates, and MicroMasters programs (require payment)	Similar to Coursera, partnerships with prestigious universities, focus on in-depth learning, some financial aid available	Limited free content, graded assignments and certificates require payment, navigation can be complex
Khan Academy	K-12 Education, Math, Science, Humanities	Completely free courses and resources for learners of all ages	No formal certificates, but progress tracking and personalized learning recommendations are available	Completely free, comprehensive coverage of core academic subjects, excellent for foundational learning and skill-building, user-friendly interface	Limited focus on professional skills and career development, no formal certificates
Udemy	Broad Range of Topics, Practical Skills	Large selection of free courses, often covering introductory topics	Course certificates (require payment), but often heavily discounted	Wide variety of topics, affordable courses, lifetime access to purchased courses, user-generated content	Variable quality of courses, certificates may not be as recognized as those from other platforms, overwhelming number of options
Skillshare	Creative Skills, Design, Photography, Writing	Limited free classes, often introductory or promotional	No formal certificates, but project-based learning and community feedback are emphasized	Focus on creative skills, project-based learning, strong community aspect, access to industry professionals	Limited free content, subscription required for full access, focus may be too narrow for some learners
YouTube	All Topics, User-Generated Content	Vast library of free videos and tutorials on virtually any subject	No formal certificates, but channels may offer badges or recognition for completing specific learning paths	Completely free, huge variety of content, easy to access and use, opportunity to learn from diverse perspectives	Variable quality of content, lack of structure and organization, difficult to find reliable and accurate information
Udacity	Technology, Data Science, AI, Nanodegrees	Some free courses and resources, often introductory or promotional	Nanodegrees (require payment), industry-recognized credentials, career support services	Focus on in-demand tech skills, project-based learning, personalized mentorship, strong industry connections	Limited free content, nanodegrees are expensive, may not be suitable for beginners without prior technical knowledge
Codecademy	Coding, Programming, Web Development	Some free courses and resources, often introductory	Certificates of completion (require payment), Pro membership for access to full course catalog and personalized learning plans	Interactive learning environment, hands-on coding exercises, beginner-friendly courses, strong community support	Limited free content, subscription required for full access, focus may be too narrow for those seeking broader skills
freeCodeCamp	Web Development, Coding, Data Science	Completely free curriculum, project-based learning, certifications upon completion of required projects	Certifications are earned by completing projects, demonstrating practical skills and knowledge	Completely free, comprehensive curriculum, project-based learning, strong community support, focus on job-ready skills	Limited focus on non-technical skills, may require significant time commitment

Ultimately, the best online learning platform for you will depend on your individual needs, goals, and preferences. Consider the factors discussed above when making your decision, and don’t be afraid to experiment with different platforms to find the one that feels like the best fit. For more comparisons and reviews, check out LEARNS.EDU.VN.

6. Utilizing LinkedIn Learning for Career Advancement

LinkedIn Learning is a powerful tool for career advancement, offering a wide range of courses and resources designed to help individuals develop new skills, enhance their existing expertise, and achieve their professional goals. Whether you’re looking to climb the corporate ladder, switch careers, or start your own business, LinkedIn Learning can provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to succeed.

Identifying Skill Gaps: The first step in using LinkedIn Learning for career advancement is to identify any skill gaps that may be holding you back. Consider your current role, your desired career path, and the skills and qualifications that are in demand in your industry. Use LinkedIn’s job search feature to research job postings in your field and identify the skills and qualifications that employers are seeking.
Developing a Learning Plan: Once you’ve identified your skill gaps, create a learning plan to address them. Select courses and learning paths on LinkedIn Learning that align with your goals and that will help you develop the skills and knowledge you need to succeed. Be sure to set realistic goals and deadlines for completing your learning plan.
Focusing on In-Demand Skills: When selecting courses, prioritize those that focus on in-demand skills in your industry. These skills are most likely to be valued by employers and will give you the greatest return on your investment of time and effort.
Earning Certificates: As you complete courses, be sure to earn certificates of completion. These certificates can be added to your LinkedIn profile, resume, and other professional platforms to showcase your skills and expertise to potential employers.
Networking with Other Learners: Take advantage of the networking opportunities that LinkedIn Learning provides. Connect with other learners, instructors, and industry professionals to build your network and learn from their experiences.
Applying Your Skills: Don’t just learn new skills in isolation. Look for opportunities to apply them in your current role or in personal projects. This will help you solidify your understanding of the material and demonstrate your capabilities to potential employers.
Staying Up-to-Date: The business world is constantly evolving, so it’s important to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies. Use LinkedIn Learning to continuously learn new skills and expand your knowledge base.
Using LinkedIn Learning to Prepare for Job Interviews: LinkedIn Learning can also be a valuable resource for preparing for job interviews. Use the platform to research common interview questions, practice your answers, and learn about the company and the role you’re interviewing for.
Showcasing Your Learning on Your LinkedIn Profile: Make sure to showcase your LinkedIn Learning certificates and skills on your LinkedIn profile. This will help you attract the attention of recruiters and potential employers who are searching for candidates with your qualifications.
Seeking Mentorship: Consider seeking mentorship from experienced professionals in your field. A mentor can provide you with guidance, support, and advice as you navigate your career path. LinkedIn Learning can help you connect with potential mentors and learn from their experiences.

By following these tips, you can effectively utilize LinkedIn Learning to advance your career, whether that involves climbing the corporate ladder, switching careers, or starting your own business. LEARNS.EDU.VN offers additional resources for career development and job searching.

7. LinkedIn Learning for Personal Development

While LinkedIn Learning is often associated with professional development, it’s also a valuable resource for personal growth and enrichment. The platform offers a wide range of courses and resources that can help you develop new hobbies, explore your interests, and improve your overall well-being.

Exploring New Hobbies: Are you interested in learning to play the guitar, take better photographs, or write creatively? LinkedIn Learning offers courses on a variety of hobbies and creative pursuits.
Improving Your Communication Skills: Effective communication is essential for success in both your personal and professional life. LinkedIn Learning offers courses on public speaking, interpersonal communication, and writing skills.
Managing Your Time and Productivity: Do you struggle with time management or procrastination? LinkedIn Learning offers courses on productivity, time management, and goal setting.
Developing Your Emotional Intelligence: Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage your own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. LinkedIn Learning offers courses on emotional intelligence, empathy, and conflict resolution.
Practicing Mindfulness and Meditation: Mindfulness and meditation can help you reduce stress, improve focus, and enhance your overall well-being. LinkedIn Learning offers courses on mindfulness, meditation, and stress management.
Learning a New Language: Learning a new language can open up new opportunities for travel, cultural immersion, and personal growth. LinkedIn Learning offers courses on a variety of languages.
Improving Your Financial Literacy: Financial literacy is the ability to understand and manage your finances effectively. LinkedIn Learning offers courses on budgeting, investing, and personal finance.
Enhancing Your Creativity: Creativity is a valuable skill that can be applied to many areas of your life. LinkedIn Learning offers courses on creativity, innovation, and design thinking.
Building Your Confidence: Confidence is essential for success in both your personal and professional life. LinkedIn Learning offers courses on self-esteem, assertiveness, and personal branding.
Developing a Growth Mindset: A growth mindset is the belief that your abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and learning. LinkedIn Learning offers courses on growth mindset, resilience, and personal development.

By utilizing LinkedIn Learning for personal development, you can enhance your skills, explore your interests, and improve your overall well-being. Remember to check out LEARNS.EDU.VN for more resources on personal growth and self-improvement.

8. Overcoming Challenges in Accessing Free LinkedIn Learning Content

While LinkedIn Learning offers various avenues for accessing free content, users may encounter challenges in finding and utilizing these resources effectively. Here are some common challenges and strategies for overcoming them:

Limited Availability of Free Courses: One of the biggest challenges is the limited availability of free courses compared to the vast library of paid content. To overcome this, be proactive in searching for free courses using the methods described earlier, such as filtering by price and exploring learning paths.
Difficulty in Finding Relevant Content: With thousands of courses available, it can be challenging to find the specific free content that aligns with your learning goals and interests. To address this, use keywords and filters to narrow your search, and take advantage of course previews to assess the content before committing your time.
Time Constraints: Balancing learning with other commitments, such as work, family, and social activities, can be a challenge. To overcome this, create a study schedule that fits your lifestyle, and break down your learning goals into smaller, more manageable tasks.
Lack of Motivation: It can be difficult to stay motivated when learning online, especially when you’re doing it on your own. To stay motivated, set clear learning goals, track your progress, and reward yourself for achieving milestones.
Technical Issues: Technical issues, such as slow internet speeds or compatibility problems, can disrupt your learning experience. To minimize these issues, ensure that you have a stable internet connection and that your device meets the platform’s system requirements.
Information Overload: With so much information available, it can be easy to feel overwhelmed. To avoid information overload, focus on one topic at a time, and take breaks to process what you’ve learned.
Lack of Interactivity: Online learning can sometimes feel isolating due to the lack of face-to-face interaction. To address this, participate in online discussions, connect with other learners, and seek feedback from instructors.
Certificate Requirements: Some free courses may have specific requirements for earning a certificate, such as completing all the modules or passing a quiz. To ensure that you meet these requirements, carefully review the course description and syllabus.
Course Updates: The content of online courses can become outdated quickly. To ensure that you’re learning the most relevant and up-to-date information, check the course’s publication date and look for courses that are regularly updated.
Language Barriers: If you’re not a native English speaker, you may encounter language barriers when taking online courses. To overcome this, use translation tools, subtitles, and other language support resources.

By being aware of these challenges and implementing the strategies outlined above, you can overcome them and make the most of your free LinkedIn Learning experience. For more tips on successful online learning, visit LEARNS.EDU.VN.

9. Future Trends in Free Online Learning on LinkedIn Learning

The landscape of online learning is constantly evolving, and LinkedIn Learning is no exception. As technology advances and user needs change, we can expect to see several trends emerge in the realm of free online learning on the platform.

Increased Personalization: Future online learning experiences will likely be more personalized, tailoring content and recommendations to individual learners’ needs, goals, and preferences. LinkedIn Learning may leverage data and AI to provide customized learning paths and content suggestions.
Greater Emphasis on Skills-Based Learning: Employers are increasingly focusing on skills rather than traditional degrees. LinkedIn Learning may offer more free courses and resources that focus on developing specific, in-demand skills.
Microlearning: Microlearning, which involves delivering content in short, bite-sized chunks, is becoming increasingly popular. LinkedIn Learning may offer more free microlearning modules that can be completed in just a few minutes.
Gamification: Gamification, which involves incorporating game-like elements into the learning experience, can make learning more engaging and fun. LinkedIn Learning may introduce more gamified elements into its free courses and resources.
Virtual and Augmented Reality: Virtual and augmented reality technologies have the potential to transform the online learning experience. LinkedIn Learning may explore using these technologies to create immersive and interactive learning environments.
More Collaborative Learning Opportunities: Collaborative learning, which involves learners working together to achieve a common goal, can enhance engagement and knowledge retention. LinkedIn Learning may offer more free collaborative learning opportunities, such as group projects and peer-to-peer mentoring.
Integration with Other Platforms: LinkedIn Learning may integrate with other platforms and tools, such as productivity apps and social media networks, to provide a seamless and integrated learning experience.
Increased Accessibility: Online learning should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their location, background, or abilities. LinkedIn Learning may continue to improve the accessibility of its free courses and resources by providing captions, transcripts, and other accommodations.
More Focus on Soft Skills: In addition to technical skills, soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, and problem-solving, are becoming increasingly important in the workplace. LinkedIn Learning may offer more free courses and resources that focus on developing these essential soft skills.
Data-Driven Insights: Data and analytics can be used to track learner progress, identify areas for improvement, and measure the effectiveness of online learning programs. LinkedIn Learning may leverage data-driven insights to enhance the quality and relevance of its free courses and resources.

By staying abreast of these trends, LinkedIn Learning can continue to provide valuable and relevant free online learning opportunities that meet the evolving needs of learners and employers. For more insights on the future of education, keep visiting LEARNS.EDU.VN.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Free LinkedIn Learning

1. Is LinkedIn Learning completely free?
No, LinkedIn Learning primarily operates on a subscription basis. However, it offers a one-month free trial, some free courses and learning paths, and access through certain LinkedIn Premium plans.

2. How can I find free courses on LinkedIn Learning?
Use the platform’s search filters to filter by price (“Free”), explore learning paths that contain free courses, check course descriptions for free offerings, and utilize external resources like LEARNS.EDU.VN for curated lists.

3. Do free LinkedIn Learning courses offer certificates?
Yes, many free courses on LinkedIn Learning offer certificates of completion upon successful completion of the course.

4. Are LinkedIn Learning certificates valuable?
Yes, even free certificates can demonstrate your commitment to learning, enhance your credibility, improve your job prospects, and boost your earning potential.

5. How does LinkedIn Learning compare to other free learning platforms?
LinkedIn Learning focuses on professional skills and career development, while other platforms like Coursera, edX, and Khan Academy offer a broader range of subjects and learning styles.

6. Can I use LinkedIn Learning for career advancement?
Absolutely. Identify skill gaps, develop a learning plan, focus on in-demand skills, earn certificates, network with other learners, and apply your skills in real-world scenarios.

7. Is LinkedIn Learning only for professional development?
No, LinkedIn Learning also offers courses for personal development, such as hobbies, communication skills, time management, mindfulness, and language learning.

8. What are some common challenges in accessing free LinkedIn Learning content?
Limited availability of free courses, difficulty finding relevant content, time constraints, lack of motivation, technical issues, and information overload.

9. What are some future trends in free online learning on LinkedIn Learning?
Increased personalization, greater emphasis on skills-based learning, microlearning, gamification, virtual and augmented reality, more collaborative learning opportunities, and integration with other platforms.

10. Where can I find more resources and information about LinkedIn Learning and online learning in general?
Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN for curated lists, reviews, tips, and strategies on online learning platforms and resources.

Take the next step in your learning journey. Visit LEARNS.EDU.VN today to discover more courses and unlock your potential. Our address is 123 Education Way, Learnville, CA 90210, United States. You can reach us on Whatsapp at +1 555-555-1212. Let learns.edu.vn be your guide to a brighter future.